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 Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) ​
 Registration No. 333-251653​
P R O S P E C T U S
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Desktop Metal, Inc.
198,614,636 Shares of Class A Common Stock
25,010,494 Shares of Class A Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants
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This prospectus relates to the resale, from time to time, of up to 198,614,636 shares of our Class A common stock by the selling securityholders (including their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors-in-interest) identified in this prospectus, or the Selling Securityholders. This prospectus also relates to the issuance by us of up to 25,010,494 shares of Class A common stock upon the exercise of outstanding warrants.
On December 9, 2020, we consummated the business combination, or the Business Combination, contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 26, 2020, by and among our company (formerly known as Trine Acquisition Corp.), Desktop Metal Operating, Inc. (formerly known as Desktop Metal, Inc.), and Sparrow Merger Sub, Inc., pursuant to which Sparrow Merger Sub, Inc. merged with and into Desktop Metal Operating, Inc., with Desktop Metal Operating, Inc. becoming our wholly owned subsidiary. Upon the closing of the Business Combination, we changed our name to Desktop Metal, Inc. See “Prospectus Summary — Background.”
We are registering 25,962,500 shares of our Class A common stock held by certain of the Selling Securityholders pursuant to the terms of subscription agreements, or the Subscription Agreements, entered into with certain of the Selling Securityholders, or the PIPE Securityholders. Pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, the PIPE Securityholders purchased shares of our Class A common stock in a private placement in connection with the Business Combination, or the PIPE.
We are also registering 150,149,136 shares of Class A common stock held by certain of the Selling Securityholders pursuant to the terms of an Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2020, which we entered into with such Selling Securityholders in connection with the Business Combination.
We are also registering the resale by certain Selling Securityholders of 10,003,000 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants held by such Selling Securityholders.
We are also registering the shares of Class A common underlying the warrants pursuant to the terms of a Warrant Agreement, dated March 14, 2019, between us and Continental Stock Transfer and Trust Company, or the Warrant Agreement.
On January 15, 2021, we entered into a Purchase Agreement and Plan of Merger with Envisiontec, Inc., or envisionTEC, pursuant to which we have agreed to acquire envisionTEC and certain of its affiliates, or the envisionTEC Acquisition. We have agreed to issue shares of our Class A common stock as part of the consideration we have agreed to pay in the envisionTEC Acquisition. Accordingly, we are registering 12,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock that may be issued upon the closing of the envisionTEC Acquisition to one of the selling securityholders. The number of shares actually issued to such selling securityholder will be determined by dividing $150 million by the average volume-weighted trading price on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, for one share of our Class A common stock for the ten full trading days ending on and including the full trading day two days prior to the closing of the envisionTEC Acquisition, subject to a customary collar that allows for adjustment. See “Prospectus Summary — Recent Developments”
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares by the Selling Securityholders. We will receive the proceeds from any exercise of the warrants for cash.
We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of the shares of Class A common stock. The Selling Securityholders will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to their sales of the shares of Class A common stock.
Our Class A common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “DM” and our warrants are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “DM.WS”. On February 2, 2021, the closing sale price of our Class A common stock as reported on the NYSE was $24.54, and the closing sale price of our warrants as reported on the NYSE was $12.00.
We are an “emerging growth company” under applicable Securities and Exchange Commission rules and, as such, have elected to comply with certain reduced public company disclosure requirements for this prospectus and future filings. See “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company.”
Our business and investment in our Class A common stock involve significant risks. These risks are described in the section titled “Risk Factors “ beginning on page 6 of this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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The date of this prospectus is February 4, 2021.
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a “shelf” registration process. By using a shelf registration statement, the Selling Securityholders may sell up to 198,614,636 shares of Class A common stock from time to time in one or more offerings as described in this prospectus. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Class A common stock by the Selling Securityholders. This prospectus also relates to the issuance by us of up to 25,010,494 shares of Class A common stock upon any exercise of warrants. We will receive the proceeds from any exercise of warrants for cash.
We may also file a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, you should rely on the prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, as applicable. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read this prospectus, any post-effective amendment, and any applicable prospectus supplement, together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
Neither we, nor the Selling Securityholders, have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment, or any applicable prospectus supplement prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We and the Selling Securityholders take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We and the Selling Securityholders will not make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment and any applicable prospectus supplement to this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on its respective cover. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. This prospectus contains, and any post-effective amendment or any prospectus supplement may contain, market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on independent industry publications and other publicly available information. Although we believe these sources are reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this information and we have not independently verified this information. In addition, the market and industry data and forecasts that may be included in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment or any prospectus supplement may involve estimates, assumptions and other risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment and the applicable prospectus supplement. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.
We own or have rights to trademarks, trade names and service marks that we use in connection with the operation of our business. In addition, our name, logos and website name and address are our trademarks or service marks. Solely for convenience, in some cases, the trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this prospectus are listed without the applicable ®, ™ and SM symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks. Other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.
As used in this prospectus, unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “company” and “Desktop Metal” refer to the consolidated operations of Desktop Metal, Inc. and its subsidiaries. References to “Trine” refer to the company prior to the consummation of the Business Combination and references to “Legacy Desktop Metal” refer to Desktop Metal Operating, Inc. prior to the consummation of the Business Combination.
 
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, plans and prospects, existing and prospective products, research and development costs, timing and likelihood of success, and plans and objectives of management for future operations and results, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements in this prospectus are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus and are subject to a number of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including the risks, uncertainties and assumptions described under the section in this prospectus titled “Risk Factors.” These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks, including, without limitation, the following:
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the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, including on our third party suppliers;
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our ability to realize the benefits of the Business Combination;
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our ability to complete the envisionTEC Acquisition and to realize the benefits of the envisionTEC Acquisition;
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our ability to continue to develop new products and innovations to meet constantly evolving customer demands;
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our ability to design, produce and launch additive manufacturing systems on the planned timelines;
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our ability to develop a recurring stream of revenue through the sale of consumables and service contracts related to the additive manufacturing systems;
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our acquisition of, or investment in, other businesses, patents, technologies, products or services to grow our business;
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our ability to attract, train and retain an effective sales force and other key personnel;
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our ability to enhance future operating and financial results;
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compliance with laws and regulations applicable to our business;
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our ability to successfully defend against litigation;
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our ability to upgrade and maintain our information technology systems;
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our ability to acquire and protect intellectual property;
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our ability to meet future liquidity requirements and comply with restrictive covenants related to long term indebtedness; and
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our ability to successfully deploy the proceeds from the Business Combination.
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Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our
 
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forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this prospectus will prove to be accurate. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances, or otherwise.
You should read this prospectus completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
 
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights, and is qualified in its entirety by, the more detailed information and financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information that may be important to you in making your investment decision. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, especially the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 6 and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus, before deciding to invest in our Class A common stock.
Overview
Desktop Metal is pioneering a new generation of additive manufacturing technologies focused on the production of end use parts. We offer a portfolio of integrated additive manufacturing solutions for engineers, designers and manufacturers comprised of hardware, software, materials and services. Our solutions span use cases across the product life cycle, from product development to mass production and aftermarket operations, and they address an array of industries, including automotive, aerospace, healthcare, consumer products, heavy industry, machine design and research and development.
At Desktop Metal, we believe additive manufacturing, commonly referred to as 3D printing, is one of the most exciting and transformational technology innovations of our time. It has the capacity to change the way parts of nearly all materials are designed, manufactured and sold around the world, and it provides businesses of all sizes the means to make high performance products faster, more sustainably, and at costs and volumes competitive with conventional manufacturing processes. Our mission is to make additive manufacturing accessible to all engineers, designers and manufacturers. In doing so, we believe we will empower businesses to adopt radical, new approaches to design and production and enable the success of many of the high growth industries that will drive global economic growth in the years to come.
Background
We were incorporated as Trine Acquisition Corp. on September 26, 2018. On December 9, 2020, we closed the Business Combination with Legacy Desktop Metal, as a result of which Legacy Desktop Metal became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours, and we changed our name to Desktop Metal, Inc. While we are the legal acquirer of Legacy Desktop Metal in the Business Combination, Legacy Desktop Metal is deemed to be the accounting acquirer, and the historical financial statements of Legacy Desktop Metal became the historical financial statements of our company upon the closing of the Business Combination.
At the effective time of the Business Combination, or the Effective Time, each share of Legacy Desktop Metal preferred stock and common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time converted into the right to receive 1.221218442 shares of our Class A common stock. In addition, each share of our Class B common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time converted into one share of our Class A common stock. We refer to the shares of our Class B common stock and the shares of Class A common stock issued upon conversion of such shares of Class B common stock as the “Founder Shares” in this prospectus.
In August 2020, we entered into the Subscription Agreements, pursuant to which the PIPE Securityholders agreed to subscribe for an aggregate of 27,497,500 shares of our Class A common stock at a purchase price of $10.00 per share. Immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination, we issued and sold 27,497,500 shares of our Class A common stock to the PIPE Securityholders for aggregate gross proceeds to us of $275.0 million.
The rights of holders of our Class A common stock and warrants are governed by our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, or the certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws, or the bylaws, and the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, and, in the case of the warrants, the Warrant Agreement. See the section entitled “Description of Capital Stock.”
Recent Developments
On January 15, 2021, we, EnvisionTEC US, LLC, our wholly owned subsidiary, or Merger Sub I, and EnvisionTec Merger Sub, Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary, or Merger Sub II, entered into a Purchase Agreement and Plan of Merger, or the envisionTEC Merger Agreement, with envisionTEC, Gulf Filtration
 
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Systems, Inc., or Gulf, 3dbotics, Inc., or 3dbotics, and EnvisionTEC GmbH, or envisionTEC Germany, and collectively, the envisionTEC Group, and Ali El-Siblani, pursuant to which we intend to acquire the envisionTEC Group. The acquisition of the envisionTEC Group is expected to be accomplished by means of the merger of Merger Sub I with and into envisionTEC, with envisionTEC continuing as the surviving corporation, and subsequently, envisionTEC with and into Merger Sub II, with Merger Sub II continuing as the surviving corporation and our direct, wholly owned subsidiary; and the share purchase, where we have agreed to purchase from Mr. El-Siblani all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of envisionTEC Germany, 3dbotics and Gulf, or the Share Purchase. The aggregate purchase price for the envisionTEC Acquisition is (i) $150 million in cash, with such cash amount being subject to customary adjustments based on, among other things, the amount of cash, debt and working capital in the envisionTEC Group business at the closing date and (ii) stock consideration equal to a number of shares of Class A common stock, or the Shares, determined by dividing $150 million by the average volume-weighted trading price on the New York Stock Exchange for one share of our Class A common stock for the ten full trading days ending on and including the full trading day two days prior to the closing of the envisionTEC Acquisition, subject to a customary collar that allows for adjustment if the 10-day closing price average is 10% greater or 10% less than the 10-day signing price average.
The envisionTEC Merger Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants by Mr. El-Siblani, the envisionTEC Group and the Company. The parties have agreed to indemnify each other for breaches of representations, warranties and covenants. The completion of the envisionTEC Acquisition is subject to, among other things, the expiration of the applicable waiting period (and any extension thereof) under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 and other customary closing conditions. The envisionTEC Acquisition is not subject to any financing contingency.
The envisionTEC Merger Agreement may be terminated under certain circumstances, including by either party if the transactions have not been completed by July 14, 2021. We currently anticipate that the envisionTEC Acquisition will close in February 2021.Unaudited pro forma financial statements that give effect to the envisionTEC Acquisition may be found under “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information” and should be read in combination with the financial statements for envisionTEC, Legacy Desktop Metal and Trine found elsewhere in this prospectus.
We can give no assurances that the envisionTEC Acquisition will be completed on the time anticipated or at all. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the envisionTEC Acquisition.”
Risk Factors
Our business is subject to a number of risks of which you should be aware before making an investment decision. These risks are discussed more fully in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus immediately following this prospectus summary. These risks include the following:
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We are an early stage company with a history of losses and may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future.
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Our limited operating history and rapid growth makes evaluating our current business and future prospects difficult.
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We may not complete the envisionTEC Acquisition or may not realize the full benefit of acquiring envisionTEC.
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The additive manufacturing industry in which we operate is characterized by rapid technological change, which requires us to continue to develop new products and innovations to meet constantly evolving customer demands and which could adversely affect market adoption of our products.
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The additive manufacturing industry is competitive and we expect to face increasing competition in many aspects of our business, which could cause our operating results to suffer.
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We have generated substantially all of our revenue to date from the sale of a single solution.
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We may experience significant delays in the design, production and launch of our additive manufacturing solutions, and we may be unable to successfully commercialize products on our planned timelines.
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Changes in our product mix may impact our gross margins and financial performance.
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Our failure to meet our customers’ price expectations would adversely affect our business and results of operations.
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Our business model is predicated, in part, on building a customer base that will generate a recurring stream of revenues through the sale of our consumables and service contracts. If that recurring stream of revenues does not develop as expected, or if our business model changes as the industry evolves, our operating results may be adversely affected.
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We are, and have been in the recent past, subject to litigation.
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We depend on a limited number of third party contract manufacturers for substantially all of our manufacturing needs. If these third party manufacturers experience any delay, disruption or quality control problems in their operations, including due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we could lose market share and our brand may suffer.
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Corporate Information
We were incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware on September 26, 2018 under the name Trine Acquisition Corp. Upon the closing of the Business Combination, we changed our name to Desktop Metal, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 63 3rd Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803 and our telephone number is (978) 224-1244. Our website address is www.desktopmetal.com. The information contained in, or accessible through, our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus. We have included our website address in this prospectus solely as an inactive textual reference.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, or JOBS Act. An “emerging growth company” may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
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the option to present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this prospectus;
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not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended;
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not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis);
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reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and
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exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote of stockholders on executive compensation, stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved and having to disclose the ratio of the compensation of our chief executive officer to the median compensation of our employees.
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We may take advantage of these provisions until the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of the initial public offering of our securities. However, if (i) our annual gross revenue exceeds $1.07 billion, (ii) we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period or (iii) we become a “large accelerated filer” ​(as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act) prior to the end of such five-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company. We will be deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” at such time that we (a) have an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of $700.0 million or more as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (b) have been required to file annual and quarterly reports
 
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under the Exchange Act, for a period of at least 12 months and (c) have filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Exchange Act.
We have elected to take advantage of certain of the reduced disclosure obligations in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and may elect to take advantage of other reduced reporting requirements in future filings. As a result, the information that we provide to our stockholders may be different than you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests.
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.
 
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The Offering
Class A common stock offered by selling securityholders
198,614,636 shares
Class A common stock offered by
us
25,010,494 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants to purchase Class A common stock
Exercise per share pursuant to the warrants
$11.50
Number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding, assuming the exercise of all warrants
251,715,475
Use of proceeds
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling securityholders. We will receive the proceeds from any exercise of the warrants for cash, which we intend to use for general corporate and working capital purposes.
Risk factors
You should carefully read the “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6 and the other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should consider carefully before deciding to invest in our Class A common stock.
NYSE symbol for our Class A common stock
“DM”
NYSE symbol for our warrants
“DM.WS”
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The number of shares of our Class A common stock to be outstanding upon exercise of the warrants is based on 226,704,981 shares of our Class A common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2020.
 
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RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below and the other information in this prospectus before making an investment in our Class A common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects could be materially and adversely affected if any of these risks occurs, and as a result, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. This prospectus also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth below.
Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Need for Additional Capital
We are an early-stage company with a history of losses. We have not been profitable historically and may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future.
We experienced net losses in each year from our inception, including net losses of $121.3 million and $103.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and $65.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. We believe we will continue to incur operating losses and negative cash flow in the near-term as we continue to invest significantly in our business, in particular across our research and development efforts and sales and marketing programs. These investments may not result in increased revenue or growth in our business.
In addition, as a public company, we will incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. These increased expenditures may make it harder for us to achieve and maintain future profitability. Revenue growth and growth in our customer base may not be sustainable, and we may not achieve sufficient revenue to achieve or maintain profitability. While we have generated revenue in the past, we have not yet begun volume commercial shipments of several of our additive manufacturing solutions that are expected to generate a substantial portion of our revenue going forward, and it is difficult for us to predict our future operating results. We may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including due to the other risks described in this prospectus, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications and delays and other unknown events. As a result, our losses may be larger than anticipated, we may incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, and we may not achieve profitability when expected, or at all, and even if we do, we may not be able to maintain or increase profitability. Furthermore, if our future growth and operating performance fail to meet investor or analyst expectations, or if we have future negative cash flow or losses resulting from our investment in acquiring customers or expanding our operations, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our limited operating history and rapid growth makes evaluating our current business and future prospects difficult and may increase the risk of your investment.
Much of our growth has occurred in recent periods. Our limited operating history may make it difficult for you to evaluate our current business and our future prospects, as we continue to grow our business. Our ability to forecast our future operating results is subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. We have encountered, and will continue to encounter, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly evolving industries, as we continue to grow our business. If our assumptions regarding these uncertainties, which we use to plan our business, are incorrect or change in reaction to changes in our markets, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations, our business could suffer and the trading price of our stock may decline. We intend to derive a substantial portion of our revenues from the sales of a number of products which are in the late stages of development and have begun commercial shipments in late 2020. We continue to develop additional products which are scheduled to begin volume commercial shipments in 2021. There are no assurances that we will be able to secure future business with customers or that such products will begin commercial shipments on our planned timelines.
 
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It is difficult to predict our future revenues and appropriately budget for our expenses, and we have limited insight into trends that may emerge and affect our business. If actual results differ from our estimates or we adjust our estimates in future periods, our operating results and financial position could be materially affected.
Our operating results and financial condition may fluctuate from period to period.
Our operating results and financial condition fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year and are likely to continue to vary due to a number of factors, many of which will not be within our control. Both our business and the additive manufacturing industry are changing and evolving rapidly, and our historical operating results may not be useful in predicting our future operating results. If our operating results do not meet the guidance that we provide to the marketplace or the expectations of securities analysts or investors, the market price of our Class A common stock will likely decline. Fluctuations in our operating results and financial condition may be due to a number of factors, including:
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the degree of market acceptance of our products and services;
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our ability to compete with competitors and new entrants into our markets;
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the mix of products and services that we sell during any period;
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the timing of our sales and deliveries of our products to customers;
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the geographic distribution of our sales;
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changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors, including our response to price competition;
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changes in the amount that we spend to develop and manufacture new products or technologies;
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changes in the amounts that we spend to promote our products and services;
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changes in the cost of satisfying our warranty obligations and servicing our installed customer base;
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expenses and/or liabilities resulting from litigation;
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delays between our expenditures to develop and market new or enhanced solutions and the generation of revenue from those solutions;
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unforeseen liabilities or difficulties in integrating our acquisitions or newly acquired businesses;
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disruptions to our information technology systems or our third-party contract manufacturers;
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general economic and industry conditions that effect customer demand;
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the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our customers, suppliers, manufacturers and operations; and
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changes in accounting rules and tax laws.
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In addition, our revenues and operating results may fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year due to our sales cycle and seasonality among our customers. Generally, our additive manufacturing solutions are subject to the adoption and capital expenditure cycles of our customers. As a result, we typically conduct a larger portion of our business during the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year relative to the second and third quarters. Additionally, for our more complex solutions, which may require additional facilities investment, potential customers may spend a substantial amount of time performing internal assessments prior to making a purchase decision. This may cause us to devote significant effort in advance of a potential sale without any guarantee of receiving any related revenues. As a result, revenues and operating results for future periods are difficult to predict with any significant degree of certainty, which could lead to adverse effects on our inventory levels and overall financial condition.
Due to the foregoing factors, and the other risks discussed in this prospectus, you should not rely on quarter-over-quarter and year-over-year comparisons of our operating results as an indicator of our future performance.
 
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We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
We intend to continue to make investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges and opportunities, including the need to develop new features or enhance our products, improve our operating infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds if our existing sources of cash and any funds generated from operations do not provide us with sufficient capital. If we raise additional funds through future issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our Class A common stock. Any debt financing that we may secure in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges and opportunities could be significantly impaired, and our business may be adversely affected.
Risks Related to the envisionTEC Acquisition
The envisionTEC Acquisition is subject to conditions, including certain conditions that may not be satisfied, and it may not be completed on a timely basis, or at all. Failure to complete the envisionTEC Acquisition could have material and adverse effects on our business.
On January 15, 2021, we entered into the envisionTEC Merger Agreement in connection with the envisionTEC Acquisition. The completion of the envisionTEC Acquisition is subject to a number of conditions, which make both the completion and the timing of completion of the envisionTEC Acquisition uncertain. Also, either envisionTEC or we may terminate the envisionTEC Merger Agreement under certain circumstances, including if the envisionTEC Acquisition has not been completed by July 14, 2021 (subject to extension under certain circumstances), unless the failure of the envisionTEC Acquisition to be completed has resulted from the failure of the party seeking to terminate the envisionTEC Merger Agreement to perform its obligations.
If the envisionTEC Acquisition is not completed on a timely basis, or at all, our business may be adversely affected. Additionally, in the event the envisionTEC Acquisition is not completed, we will have expended substantial resources and be subject to adverse consequences without realizing the benefits of having completed the envisionTEC Acquisition, including the following:
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we will be required to pay our costs relating to the envisionTEC Acquisition, such as legal, accounting and financial advisory fees;
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time and resources committed by our management to matters relating to the envisionTEC Acquisition could otherwise have been devoted to pursuing other opportunities; and
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the market price of our Class A common stock could decline to the extent that the current market price reflects a market assumption that the envisionTEC Acquisition will be completed, or to the extent that the envisionTEC Acquisition is fundamental to our business strategy.
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The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included in this prospectus is preliminary, and our actual financial position and operations after the envisionTEC Acquisition may differ materially from the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included in this prospectus.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included in this prospectus supplement is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of what our actual financial position or results of operations would have been had the envisionTEC Acquisition and other transactions described therein been completed on the dates indicated. Our actual results and financial position
 
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after the envisionTEC Acquisition and other transactions described therein may differ materially and adversely from the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included in this prospectus.
We may experience difficulties in integrating the operations of envisionTEC into our business and in realizing the expected benefits of the envisionTEC Acquisition.
The success of the envisionTEC Acquisition will depend in part on our ability to realize the anticipated business opportunities from combining the operations of envisionTEC with our business in an efficient and effective manner. The integration process could take longer than anticipated and could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of each company’s ongoing businesses, tax costs or inefficiencies, or inconsistencies in standards, controls, information technology systems, procedures and policies, any of which could adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with customers, employees or other third parties, or our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the envisionTEC Acquisition, and could harm our financial performance. If we are unable to successfully or timely integrate the operations of envisionTEC with our business, we may incur unanticipated liabilities and be unable to realize the revenue growth, synergies and other anticipated benefits resulting from the envisionTEC Acquisition, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
We have incurred significant costs in connection with the envisionTEC Acquisition. The substantial majority of these costs are non-recurring expenses related to the envisionTEC Acquisition. These non-recurring costs and expenses are reflected in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included in this prospectus. We may incur additional costs in the integration of envisionTEC’s business, and may not achieve cost synergies and other benefits sufficient to offset the incremental costs of the envisionTEC Acquisition.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
We have generated substantially all of our revenues to date from the sale of a single solution.
The majority of our revenues generated to date are derived from sales of our Studio System, which began shipping in volume in the fourth quarter of 2018. Delays in our announced but not yet commercially available additive manufacturing solutions may require that we continue to rely solely on Studio System to achieve our revenue growth targets. If such delays do occur and competitive solutions emerge or we are unable to continue to successfully commercialize the Studio System in the future, our operating results could be harmed. Additionally, our commercialization of the Studio System to date has no bearing on our ability to successfully commercialize additional additive manufacturing solutions on our planned timelines.
We may experience significant delays in the design, production and launch of our additive manufacturing solutions, and we may be unable to successfully commercialize products on our planned timelines.
Several of our additive manufacturing solutions are still under development. There are often delays in the design, testing, manufacture and commercial release of new products, and any delay in the launch of our products could materially damage our brand, business, growth prospects, financial condition and operating results. Even if we successfully complete the design, testing and manufacture for one or all of our products under development, we may fail to develop a commercially successful product on the timeline we expect for a number of reasons, including:
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misalignment between the products and customer needs;
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lack of innovation of the product;
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failure of the product to perform in accordance with the customer’s industry standards;
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ineffective distribution and marketing;
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delay in obtaining any required regulatory approvals;
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unexpected production costs; or
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release of competitive products.
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Our success in the market for the products we develop will depend largely on our ability to prove our products’ capabilities in a timely manner. Upon demonstration, our customers may not believe that our products and/or technology have the capabilities they were designed to have or that we believe they have. Furthermore, even if we do successfully demonstrate our products’ capabilities, potential customers may be more comfortable doing business with another larger and more established company or may take longer than expected to make the decision to order our products. Significant revenue from new product investments may not be achieved for a number of years, if at all. If the timing of our launch of new products and/or of our customers’ acceptance of such products is different than our assumptions, our revenue and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Additionally, we intend to establish a parts-as-a-service offering for customers, which may present similar challenges to those outlined above with respect to the design, production, and launch of new additive manufacturing solutions. In particular, we may fail to develop a commercially successful offering if we are unable to meet customer needs or industry standards, if we fail to meet customer price expectations, or if our marketing and distribution strategy proves ineffective. If we are unable to establish such an offering, sales of our additive manufacturing solutions and our overall operating results could suffer. To date, we have not established a parts-as-a-service offering and have not accepted any orders or recognized any revenue from such an offering.
Our business activities may be disrupted due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We face various risks and uncertainties related to the global outbreak of COVID-19. In recent months, the continued spread of COVID-19 has led to disruption and volatility in the global economy and capital markets, which increases the cost of capital and adversely impacts access to capital. Government-enforced travel bans and business closures around the world have significantly impacted our ability to sell, install and service our additive manufacturing systems at customers around the world. It has, and may continue to, disrupt our third-party contract manufacturers and supply chain. We currently anticipate customer payment delays for our products which could negatively impact our results of operations. We also expect some delays in installation of our products at customers’ facilities, which could lead to postponed revenue recognition for those transactions. Furthermore, if significant portions of our workforce are unable to work effectively, including because of illness, quarantines, government actions, facility closures, remote working or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, our operations will likely be adversely impacted.
If the COVID-19 pandemic continues for a prolonged duration, we or our customers may be unable to perform fully on our contracts, which will likely result in increases in costs and reduction in revenue. These cost increases may not be fully recoverable or adequately covered by insurance. The long-term effects of COVID-19 to the global economy and to us are difficult to assess or predict and may include a further decline in the market prices of our products, risks to employee health and safety, risks for the deployment of our products and services and reduced sales in geographic locations impacted. Any prolonged restrictive measures put in place in order to control COVID-19 or other adverse public health developments in any of our targeted markets may have a material and adverse effect on our business operations and results of operations.
Changes in our product mix may impact our gross margins and financial performance.
Our financial performance may be affected by the mix of products and services we sell during a given period. Our products are sold, and will continue to be sold, at different price points. Sales of certain of our products have, or are expected to have, higher gross margins than others. If our product mix shifts too far into lower gross margin products, and we are not able to sufficiently reduce the engineering, production and other costs associated with those products or substantially increase the sales of our higher gross margin products, our profitability could be reduced. Additionally, the introduction of new products or services may further heighten quarterly fluctuations in gross profit and gross profit margins due to manufacturing ramp-up and start-up costs. We may experience significant quarterly fluctuations in gross profit margins or operating income or loss due to the impact of the mix of products, channels or geographic areas in which we sell our products from period to period.
 
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Our failure to meet our customers’ price expectations would adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Demand for our product lines is sensitive to price. We believe our competitive pricing has been an important factor in our results to date. Therefore, changes in our pricing strategies can have a significant impact on our business and ability to generate revenue. Many factors, including our production and personnel costs and our competitors’ pricing and marketing strategies, can significantly impact our pricing strategies. If we fail to meet our customers’ price expectations in any given period, demand for our products and product lines could be negatively impacted and our business and results of operations could suffer.
We use, and plan to continue using, different pricing models for different products. For example, we plan to use a hardware-as-a-service annual subscription pricing model for certain new products. Such pricing models are still relatively new to some of our customers and may not be attractive to them, especially in regions where they are less common. If customers resist such pricing models, our revenue may be adversely affected and we may need to restructure the way in which we charge customers for our products. To date, while we have accepted pre-orders for our Fiber solution with hardware-as-a-service annual subscription pricing, we have not fulfilled or recognized any revenue from such orders or associated with our hardware-as-a-service annual subscription model in general.
Declines in the prices of our products and services, or in our volume of sales, together with our relatively inflexible cost structure, may adversely affect our financial results.
Our business is subject to price competition. Such price competition may adversely affect our results of operation, especially during periods of decreased demand. Decreased demand also adversely impacts the volume of our systems sales. If our business is not able to offset price reductions resulting from these pressures, or decreased volume of sales due to contractions in the market, by improved operating efficiencies and reduced expenditures, then our operating results will be adversely affected.
Certain of our operating costs are fixed and cannot readily be reduced, which diminishes the positive impact of our restructuring programs on our operating results. To the extent the demand for our products slows, or the additive manufacturing market contracts, we may be faced with excess manufacturing capacity and related costs that cannot readily be reduced, which will adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.
Our business model is predicated, in part, on building a customer base that will generate a recurring stream of revenues through the sale of our consumables and service contracts. If that recurring stream of revenues does not develop as expected, or if our business model changes as the industry evolves, our operating results may be adversely affected.
Our business model is dependent, in part, on our ability to maintain and increase sales of our proprietary consumables and service contracts as they generate recurring revenues. Existing and future customers of our systems may not purchase our consumables or related service contracts at the same rate at which customers currently purchase those consumables and services. In addition, our entry-level systems focused on low-volume production generally use a lower volume of consumables relative to our higher-end systems focused on high-volume production. If our current and future customers purchase a lower volume of our consumable materials or service contracts, or if our entry-level systems represent an increasing percentage of our future installed customer base, resulting overall in lower purchases of consumables and service contracts on average than our current installed customer base, our recurring revenue stream relative to our total revenues would be reduced and our operating results would be adversely affected.
If demand for our products does not grow as expected, or if market adoption of additive manufacturing does not continue to develop, or develops more slowly than expected, our revenues may stagnate or decline, and our business may be adversely affected.
The industrial manufacturing market, which today is dominated by conventional manufacturing processes that do not involve 3D printing technology, is undergoing a shift towards additive manufacturing. We may not be able to develop effective strategies to raise awareness among potential customers of the benefits of additive manufacturing technologies or our products may not address the specific needs or provide
 
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the level of functionality required by potential customers to encourage the continuation of this shift towards additive manufacturing. If additive manufacturing technology does not continue to gain broader market acceptance as an alternative to conventional manufacturing processes, or if the marketplace adopts additive manufacturing technologies that differ from our technologies, we may not be able to increase or sustain the level of sales of our products, and our operating results would be adversely affected as a result.
Reservations for our Production System may not convert to purchase orders.
Our Production System is in the late stages of development, and while select early customers are operational with this solution, volume commercial shipments are not scheduled to begin until 2021 and may occur later or not at all. As a result, we have accepted reservations for the Production System, most of which are accompanied by a financial deposit. Given the anticipated lead times between reservations and the date of delivery of the Production Systems, there is a risk that customers who place reservations may ultimately decide not to convert such reservations into purchase orders and take delivery of their reserved Production System due to potential changes in customer preferences, competitive developments or other factors. As a result, no assurance can be made that reservations will result in the purchase of our Production Systems, and any such failure to convert these reservations could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Defects in new products or in enhancements to our existing products that give rise to product returns or warranty or other claims could result in material expenses, diversion of management time and attention and damage to our reputation.
Our additive manufacturing solutions are complex and may contain undetected defects or errors when first introduced or as enhancements are released that, despite testing, are not discovered until after a machine has been used. This could result in delayed market acceptance of those products or claims from resellers, customers or others, which may result in litigation, increased end user warranty, support and repair or replacement costs, damage to our reputation and business, or significant costs and diversion of support and engineering personnel to correct the defect or error. We may from time to time become subject to warranty or product liability claims related to product quality issues that could lead us to incur significant expenses.
We attempt to include provisions in our agreements with customers that are designed to limit our exposure to potential liability for damages arising from defects or errors in our products. However, it is possible that these limitations may not be effective as a result of unfavorable judicial decisions or laws enacted in the future.
The sale and support of our products entails the risk of product liability claims. Any product liability claim brought against us, regardless of its merit, could result in material expense, diversion of management time and attention, damage to our business and reputation and brand, and cause us to fail to retain existing customers or to fail to attract new customers.
Our operations could suffer if we are unable to attract and retain key management or other key employees.
We believe our success has depended, and continues to depend, on the efforts and talents of our senior management and other key personnel, including, in particular, our co-founder, chief executive officer, and chairman, Ric Fulop. Our executive team is critical to the management of our business and operations, as well as to the development of our strategy. Members of our senior management team may resign at any time. The loss of the services of any members of our senior management team, especially Mr. Fulop, could delay or prevent the successful implementation of our strategy or our commercialization of new applications for our systems or other products, or could otherwise adversely affect our ability to manage our company effectively and carry out our business plan. There is no assurance that if any senior executive leaves in the future, we will be able to rapidly replace him or her and transition smoothly towards his or her successor, without any adverse impact on our operations.
To support the continued growth of our business, we must also effectively recruit, hire, integrate, develop, motivate and retain additional new employees. High demand exists for senior management and other key personnel (including scientific, technical, engineering, financial and sales personnel) in the additive manufacturing industry, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to retain our current key
 
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personnel. We experience intense competition for qualified personnel. While we intend to continue to provide competitive compensation packages to attract and retain key personnel, some of our competitors for these employees have greater resources and more experience, making it difficult for us to compete successfully for key personnel. Moreover, new employees may not become as productive as we expect since we may face challenges in adequately integrating them into our workforce and culture. If we cannot attract and retain sufficiently qualified technical employees for our research product development activities, as well as experienced sales and marketing personnel, we may be unable to develop and commercialize new products or new applications for existing products. Furthermore, possible shortages of key personnel, including engineers, in the regions surrounding our Boston facility could require us to pay more to hire and retain key personnel, thereby increasing our costs.
All of our U.S. employees are at-will employees, meaning that they may terminate their employment relationship with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry would be extremely difficult to replace. We generally enter into non-competition agreements with our employees. These agreements prohibit our employees from competing directly with us or working for our competitors or clients while they work for us, and in some cases, for a limited period after they cease working for us. We may be unable to enforce these agreements under the laws of the jurisdictions in which our employees work and it may be difficult for us to restrict our competitors from benefiting from the expertise that our former employees or consultants developed while working for us. If we cannot demonstrate that our legally protectable interests will be harmed, we may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting from the expertise of our former employees or consultants and our ability to remain competitive may be diminished.
If we fail to grow our business as anticipated, our net sales, gross margin and operating margin will be adversely affected. If we grow as anticipated but fail to manage our growth and expand our operations accordingly, our business may be harmed and our results of operation may suffer.
Over the past several years, we have experienced rapid growth, and we are attempting to continue to grow our business substantially. To this end, we have made, and expect to continue to make, significant investments in our business, including investments in our infrastructure, technology, marketing and sales efforts. These investments include dedicated facilities expansion and increased staffing, both domestic and international. If our business does not generate the level of revenue required to support our investment, our net sales and profitability will be adversely affected.
Our ability to effectively manage our anticipated growth and expansion of our operations will also require us to enhance our operational, financial and management controls and infrastructure, human resources policies and reporting systems. These enhancements and improvements will require significant capital expenditures, investments in additional headcount and other operating expenditures and allocation of valuable management and employee resources. Our future financial performance and our ability to execute on our business plan will depend, in part, on our ability to effectively manage any future growth and expansion. There are no guarantees we will be able to do so in an efficient or timely manner, or at all.
Our existing and planned global operations subject us to a variety of risks and uncertainties that could adversely affect our business and operating results. Our business is subject to risks associated with selling machines and other products in non-United States locations.
Our products and services are distributed in more than 60 countries around the world, and we derive a substantial percentage of our sales from these international markets. In 2019, we derived approximately 40% of our revenues from countries outside the United States. Accordingly, we face significant operational risks from doing business internationally.
Our operating results may be affected by volatility in currency exchange rates and our ability to effectively manage our currency transaction risks. We incur currency transaction risks if we were to enter into either a purchase or a sale transaction using a different currency from the currency in which we report revenues. In such cases we may suffer an exchange loss because we do not currently engage in currency swaps or other currency hedging strategies to address this risk. As we realize our strategy to expand internationally, our exposure to currency risks may increase. Given the volatility of exchange rates, we can give no assurance that we will be able to effectively manage our currency transaction risks or that any volatility in currency exchange rates will not have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
 
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Other risks and uncertainties we face from our global operations include:
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difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;
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limited protection for the enforcement of contract and intellectual property rights in certain countries where we may sell our products or work with suppliers or other third parties;
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potentially longer sales and payment cycles and potentially greater difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;
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costs and difficulties of customizing products for foreign countries;
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challenges in providing solutions across a significant distance, in different languages and among different cultures;
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laws and business practices favoring local competition;
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being subject to a wide variety of complex foreign laws, treaties and regulations and adjusting to any unexpected changes in such laws, treaties and regulations;
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specific and significant regulations, including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which imposes compliance obligations on companies who possess and use data of EU residents;
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uncertainty and resultant political, financial and market instability arising from the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union;
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compliance with U.S. laws affecting activities of U.S. companies abroad, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;
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tariffs, trade barriers and other regulatory or contractual limitations on our ability to sell or develop our products in certain foreign markets;
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operating in countries with a higher incidence of corruption and fraudulent business practices;
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changes in regulatory requirements, including export controls, tariffs and embargoes, other trade restrictions, competition, corporate practices and data privacy concerns;
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potential adverse tax consequences arising from global operations;
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seasonal reductions in business activity in certain parts of the world, particularly during the summer months in Europe and at year end globally;
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rapid changes in government, economic and political policies and conditions; and
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political or civil unrest or instability, terrorism or epidemics and other similar outbreaks or events.
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In addition, additive manufacturing has been identified by the U.S. government as an emerging technology and is currently being further evaluated for national security impacts. We expect additional regulatory changes to be implemented that will result in increased and/or new export controls related to 3D printing technologies, components and related materials and software. These changes, if implemented, may result in our being required to obtain additional approvals and/or licenses to sell 3D printers in the global market.
Our failure to effectively manage the risks and uncertainties associated with our global operations could limit the future growth of our business and adversely affect our business and operating results.
As part of our growth strategy, we intend to acquire or make investments in other businesses, patents, technologies, products or services. Our failure to do so successfully could disrupt our business and have an adverse impact on our financial condition.
We have acquired and invested in companies in the past and intended to continue to do so in the future. To the extent we seek to grow our business through acquisitions, we may not be able to successfully identify attractive acquisition opportunities or consummate any such acquisitions if we cannot reach an agreement on commercially favorable terms, if we lack sufficient resources to finance the transaction on
 
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our own and cannot obtain financing at a reasonable cost or if regulatory authorities prevent such transaction from being consummated. In addition, competition for acquisitions in the markets in which we operate during recent years has increased, and may continue to increase, which may result in an increase in the costs of acquisitions or cause us to refrain from making certain acquisitions. We may not be able to complete future acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all.
If we do complete future acquisitions, we cannot assure you that they will ultimately strengthen our competitive position or that they will be viewed positively by customers, financial markets or investors. Furthermore, future acquisitions could pose numerous additional risks to our operations, including:
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diversion of management’s attention from their day-to-day responsibilities;
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unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with the acquisition;
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incurrence of acquisition-related costs, which would be recognized as a current period expense;
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problems integrating the purchased business, products or technologies;
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challenges in achieving strategic objectives, cost savings and other anticipated benefits;
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inability to maintain relationships with key customers, suppliers, vendors and other third parties on which the purchased business relies;
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the difficulty of incorporating acquired technology and rights into our platform and of maintaining quality and security standards consistent with our brand;
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difficulty in maintaining controls, procedures and policies during the transition and integration;
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challenges in integrating the new workforce and the potential loss of key employees, particularly those of the acquired business; and
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use of substantial portions of our available cash or the incurrence of debt to consummate the acquisition.
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If we proceed with a particular acquisition, we may have to use cash, issue new equity securities with dilutive effects on existing shareholders, incur indebtedness, assume contingent liabilities or amortize assets or expenses in a manner that might have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Acquisitions will also require us to record certain acquisition-related costs and other items as current period expenses, which would have the effect of reducing our reported earnings in the period in which an acquisition is consummated. In addition, we could also face unknown liabilities or write-offs due to our acquisitions, which could result in a significant charge to our earnings in the period in which they occur. We will also be required to record goodwill or other long-lived asset impairment charges (if any) in the periods in which they occur, which could result in a significant charge to our earnings in any such period.
Achieving the expected returns and synergies from future acquisitions will depend, in part, upon our ability to integrate the products and services, technology, administrative functions and personnel of these businesses into our product lines in an efficient and effective manner. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so, that our acquired businesses will perform at levels and on the timelines anticipated by our management or that we will be able to obtain these synergies. In addition, acquired technologies and intellectual property may be rendered obsolete or uneconomical by our own or our competitors’ technological advances. Management resources may also be diverted from operating our existing businesses to certain acquisition integration challenges. If we are unable to successfully integrate acquired businesses, our anticipated revenues and profits may be lower. Our profit margins may also be lower, or diluted, following the acquisition of companies whose profit margins are less than those of our existing businesses.
In the future, some of our arrangements for additive manufacturing solutions may contain customer-specific provisions that may impact the period in which we recognize the related revenues under GAAP.
Some customers that purchase additive manufacturing solutions from us may require specific, customized factors relating to their intended use of the solution or the installation of the product in the customers’ facilities. These specific, customized factors are occasionally required by the customers to be included in our commercial agreements relating to the purchases. As a result, our responsiveness to our
 
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customers’ specific requirements has the potential to impact the period in which we recognize the revenue relating to that additive manufacturing system sale.
Similarly, some of our customers must build or prepare facilities to install a subset of our additive manufacturing solutions, and the completion of such projects can be unpredictable, which can impact the period in which we recognize the revenue relating to that additive manufacturing solution sale.
We rely on our information technology systems to manage numerous aspects of our business and a disruption of these systems could adversely affect our business.
We rely on our information technology systems to manage numerous aspects of our business, including to efficiently purchase products from our suppliers, provide procurement and logistic services, ship products to our customers, manage our accounting and financial functions, including our internal controls, and maintain our research and development data. Our information technology systems are an essential component of our business and any disruption could significantly limit our ability to manage and operate our business efficiently. A failure of our information technology systems to perform properly could disrupt our supply chain, product development and customer experience, which may lead to increased overhead costs and decreased sales and have an adverse effect on our reputation and our financial condition. In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial portion of our employees have conducted work remotely, making us more dependent on potentially vulnerable communications systems and making us more vulnerable to cyberattacks.
Although we take steps and incur significant costs to secure our information technology systems, including our computer systems, intranet and internet sites, email and other telecommunications and data networks, our security measures may not be effective and our systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption. Disruption to our information technology systems could result from power outages, computer and telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cyber-attack or other security breaches, catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, acts of war, terrorism and usage errors by our employees.
Our reputation and financial condition could be adversely affected if, as a result of a significant cyber-event or otherwise:
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our operations are disrupted or shut down;
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our confidential, proprietary information is stolen or disclosed;
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we incur costs or are required to pay fines in connection with stolen customer, employee or other confidential information;
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we must dedicate significant resources to system repairs or increase cyber security protection; or
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we otherwise incur significant litigation or other costs.
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If our computer systems are damaged or cease to function properly, or, if we do not replace or upgrade certain systems, we may incur substantial costs to repair or replace them and may experience an interruption of our normal business activities or loss of critical data. Any such disruption could adversely affect our reputation and financial condition.
We also rely on information technology systems maintained by third parties, including third-party cloud computing services and the computer systems of our suppliers for both our internal operations and our customer-facing infrastructure related to our additive manufacturing solutions. These systems are also vulnerable to the types of interruption and damage described above but we have less ability to take measures to protect against such disruptions or to resolve them if they were to occur. Information technology problems faced by third parties on which we rely could adversely impact our business and financial condition as well as negatively impact our brand reputation.
Our current levels of insurance may not be adequate for our potential liabilities.
We maintain insurance to cover our potential exposure for most claims and losses, including potential product and non-product related claims, lawsuits and administrative proceedings seeking damages or other
 
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remedies arising out of our commercial operations. However, our insurance coverage is subject to various exclusions, self-retentions and deductibles. We may be faced with types of liabilities that are not covered under our insurance policies, such as environmental contamination or terrorist attacks, or that exceed our policy limits. Even a partially uninsured claim of significant size, if successful, could have an adverse effect on our financial condition.
In addition, we may not be able to continue to obtain insurance coverage on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and our existing policies may be cancelled or otherwise terminated by the insurer. Maintaining adequate insurance and successfully accessing insurance coverage that may be due for a claim can require a significant amount of our management’s time, and we may be forced to spend a substantial amount of money in that process.
Global economic, political and social conditions and uncertainties in the markets that we serve may adversely impact our business.
Our performance depends on the financial health and strength of our customers, which in turn is dependent on the economic conditions of the markets in which we and our customers operate. The recent declines in the global economy, difficulties in the financial services sector and credit markets, continuing geopolitical uncertainties and other macroeconomic factors all affect the spending behavior of potential customers. The economic uncertainty in Europe, the United States, India, China and other countries may cause end-users to further delay or reduce technology purchases.
We also face risks from financial difficulties or other uncertainties experienced by our suppliers, distributors or other third parties on which we rely. If third parties are unable to supply us with required materials or components or otherwise assist us in operating our business, our business could be harmed.
For example, the possibility of an ongoing trade war between the United States and China may impact the cost of raw materials, finished products or components used in our products and our ability to sell our products in China. Other changes in U.S. social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment could also adversely affect our business. In addition, the ongoing negotiations about transitioning the United Kingdom from the European Union following its formal exit on January 31, 2020 may result in the imposition of tariffs that could have an adverse impact on our results of operation. Additionally, there also is a risk that other countries may decide to leave the European Union. This uncertainty surrounding this transition not only potentially affects our business in the United Kingdom and the European Union, but also may have an effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In extreme cases, we could experience interruptions in production due to the processing of customs formalities or reduced customer spending in the wake of weaker economic performance. If global economic conditions remain volatile for a prolonged period or if European economies experience further disruptions, our results of operations could be adversely affected.
In connection with the Business Combination, we identified a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting. Our internal controls over financial reporting currently do not meet all of the standards contemplated by Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could impair our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations and have a material adverse effect on our business.
Following the Business Combination, our management has significant requirements for enhanced financial reporting and internal controls as a public company. The process of designing and implementing effective internal controls is a continuous effort that will require us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments and to expend significant resources to maintain a system of internal controls that is adequate to satisfy our reporting obligations as a public company. If we are unable to establish or maintain appropriate internal financial reporting controls and procedures, it could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations on a timely basis or result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements, which could harm our operating results. In addition, we will be required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other
 
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things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. The rules governing the standards that must be met for our management to assess our internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation, testing, and possible remediation. Testing and maintaining internal controls may divert management’s attention from other matters that are important to our business. Our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting on an annual basis. However, while we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. If we are not able to complete our initial assessment of our internal controls and otherwise implement the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to certify as to the adequacy of our internal controls over financial reporting.
In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we believe certain non-GAAP measures may be useful in evaluating our operating performance. We present certain non-GAAP financial measures in this prospectus and intend to continue to present certain non-GAAP financial measures in future filings with the SEC and other public statements. Any failure to accurately report and present our non-GAAP financial measures could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our Class A common stock.
Matters impacting our internal controls may cause us to be unable to report our financial information on a timely basis and thereby subject us to adverse regulatory consequences, including sanctions by the SEC or violations of applicable NYSE listing rules, which may result in a breach of the covenants under existing or future financing arrangements. There also could be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements. Confidence in the reliability of our financial statements also could suffer if we or our independent registered public accounting firm continue to report a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting. This could materially adversely affect us and lead to a decline in the market price of our Class A common stock.
In connection with the Business Combination, our management and auditors determined that a material weakness existed in our internal control over financial reporting due to the fact that we had not completed an annual or quarterly close under a timeline that would be compatible with public company filing deadlines, and with our limited accounting department personnel, this may not be achievable. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. While we have instituted plans to remediate the issue described above and continue to take remediation steps, including hiring additional personnel, including a vice president of accounting with public company experience, we continued to have a limited number of personnel with the level of GAAP accounting knowledge, specifically related to complex accounting transactions, commensurate with our financial reporting requirements.
Although we believe the hiring of additional accounting resources, implementation of additional reviews and processes requiring timely account reconciliations and analysis and implementation of processes and controls to better identify and manage segregation of duties will remediate the material weakness with respect to insufficient personnel, there can be no assurance that the material weakness will be remediated on a timely basis or at all, or that additional material weaknesses will not be identified in the future. If we are unable to remediate the material weakness, our ability to record, process, and report financial information accurately, and to prepare financial statements within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the SEC, could be adversely affected which, in turn, to may adversely affect our reputation and business and the market price of our Class A common stock.
The additive manufacturing industry in which we operate is characterized by rapid technological change, which requires us to continue to develop new products and innovations to meet constantly evolving customer demands and which could adversely affect market adoption of our products.
Our revenues are derived from the sale of additive manufacturing systems and related consumables and services. We have encountered and will continue to encounter challenges experienced by growing companies
 
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in a market subject to rapid innovation and technological change. While we intend to invest substantial resources to remain on the forefront of technological development, continuing advances in additive manufacturing technology, changes in customer requirements and preferences and the emergence of new standards, regulations and certifications could adversely affect adoption of our products either generally or for particular applications. Our ability to compete in the additive manufacturing market depends, in large part, on our success in developing and introducing new additive manufacturing systems and technology, in improving our existing products and technology and qualifying new materials which our systems can support. We believe that we must continuously enhance and expand the functionality and features of our products and technologies in order to remain competitive. However, we may not be able to:
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develop cost effective new products and technologies that address the increasingly complex needs of prospective customers;
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enhance our existing products and technologies;
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respond to technological advances and emerging industry standards and certifications on a cost-effective and timely basis;
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adequately protect our intellectual property as we develop new products and technologies;
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identify the appropriate technology or product to which to devote our resources; or
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ensure the availability of cash resources to fund research and development.
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Even if we successfully introduce new additive manufacturing products and technologies and enhance our existing products and technologies, it is possible that these will eventually supplant our existing products or that our competitors will develop new products and technologies that will replace our own. As a result, any of our products may be rendered obsolete or uneconomical by our or our competitors’ technological advances, leading to a loss in market share, decline in revenue and adverse effects to our business and prospects.
The additive manufacturing industry is competitive. We expect to face increasing competition in many aspects of our business, which could cause our operating results to suffer.
The additive manufacturing industry in which we operate is fragmented and competitive. We compete for customers with a wide variety of producers of additive manufacturing and/or 3D printing equipment that creates 3D objects and end-use parts, as well as with providers of materials and services for this equipment. Some of our existing and potential competitors are researching, designing, developing and marketing other types of products and services that may render our existing or future products obsolete, uneconomical or less competitive. Existing and potential competitors may also have substantially greater financial, technical, marketing and sales, manufacturing, distribution and other resources than we do, including name recognition, as well as experience and expertise in intellectual property rights and operating within certain international markets, any of which may enable them to compete effectively against us. For example, a number of companies that have substantial resources have announced that they are beginning production of 3D printing systems, which will further enhance the competition we face.
Future competition may arise from the development of allied or related techniques for equipment, materials and services that are not encompassed by our patents, from the issuance of patents to other companies that may inhibit our ability to develop certain products and from improvements to existing technologies.
We intend to continue to follow a strategy of continuing product development and distribution network expansion to enhance our competitive position to the extent practicable. But we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our current position or continue to compete successfully against current and future sources of competition. If we do not keep pace with technological change and introduce new products and technologies, demand for our products may decline, and our operating results may suffer.
Because the additive manufacturing market is rapidly evolving, forecasts of market growth in this prospectus may not be accurate.
Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts included in this prospectus are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The forecasts
 
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and estimates in this prospectus relating to the expected size and growth of the markets for additive manufacturing technology and other markets in which we participate may prove to be inaccurate. Even if these markets experience the forecasted growth described in this prospectus, we may not grow our business at similar rates, or at all. Our future growth is subject to many factors, including market adoption of our products, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts and estimates of market size and growth described in this prospectus, including our estimates that the size of the total addressable market is expected to be approximately $146 billion in 2030, should not be taken as indicative of our future growth. In addition, these forecasts do not consider the impact of the current global COVID-19 pandemic, and we cannot assure you that these forecasts will not be materially and adversely affected as a result.
Risks Related to Third Parties
We could be subject to personal injury, property damage, product liability, warranty and other claims involving allegedly defective products that we supply.
The products we supply are sometimes used in potentially hazardous or critical applications, such as the assembled parts of an aircraft, medical device or automobile, that could result in death, personal injury, property damage, loss of production, punitive damages and consequential damages. While we have not experienced any such claims to date, actual or claimed defects in the products we supply could result in our being named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting potentially large claims.
We attempt to include legal provisions in our agreements with customers that are designed to limit our exposure to potential liability for damages arising from defects or errors in our products. However, it is possible that these limitations may not be effective as a result of unfavorable judicial decisions or laws enacted in the future. Any such lawsuit, regardless of merit, could result in material expense, diversion of management time and efforts and damage to our reputation, and could cause us to fail to retain or attract customers, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
We could face liability if our additive manufacturing solutions are used by our customers to print dangerous objects.
Customers may use our additive manufacturing systems to print parts that could be used in a harmful way or could otherwise be dangerous. For example, there have been news reports that 3D printers were used to print guns or other weapons. We have little, if any, control over what objects our customers print using our products, and it may be difficult, if not impossible, for us to monitor and prevent customers from printing weapons with our products. While we have never printed weapons on any printers in our offices, there can be no assurance that we will not be held liable if someone were injured or killed by a weapon printed by a customer using one of our products.
We depend on our network of resellers and our business could be adversely affected if they do not perform as expected.
We rely heavily on our global network of resellers to sell our products and to provide installation and support services to customers in their respective geographic regions. These resellers may not be as effective in selling our products or installing and supporting our customers as we expect. Further, our contracts with our resellers provide for termination for convenience, and if our contracts with a significant number of resellers, or with the most effective resellers, were to terminate or if they would otherwise fail or refuse to sell certain of our products, we may not be able to find replacements that are as qualified or as successful in a timely manner, if at all. In addition, if our resellers do not perform as anticipated, or if we are unable to secure qualified and successful resellers, our sales will suffer, which would have an adverse effect on our revenues and operating results. Because we also depend upon our resellers to provide installation and support services for products, if our reseller relationship were terminated or limited to certain products, we may face disruption in providing support for our customers, which would adversely affect our reputation and our results of operations. Any failure to offer high-quality technical support services may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and adversely affect our financial results.
 
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Additionally, a default by one or more resellers that have a significant receivables balance could have an adverse financial impact on our financial results. We have reviewed our policies that govern credit and collections and will continue to monitor them in light of current payment status and economic conditions. In addition, we try to reduce the credit exposures of our accounts receivable by instituting credit limits and having credit insurance. However, there can be no assurance that our efforts to identify potential credit risks will be successful. Our inability to timely identify resellers that are credit risks could result in defaults at a time when such resellers have high accounts receivable balances with us. Any such default would result in a significant charge against our earnings and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We depend on a limited number of third-party contract manufacturers for substantially all of our manufacturing needs. If these third-party manufacturers experience any delay, disruption or quality control problems in their operations, including due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we could lose market share and our brand may suffer.
We depend on third-party contract manufacturers for the production of our additive manufacturing systems. While there are several potential manufacturers for most of these products, all of our products are manufactured, assembled, tested and generally packaged by a limited number of third-party manufacturers. In most cases, we rely on these manufacturers to procure components and, in some cases, subcontract engineering work. Our reliance on a limited number of contract manufacturers involves a number of risks, including:
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unexpected increases in manufacturing and repair costs;
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inability to control the quality and reliability of finished products;
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inability to control delivery schedules;
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potential liability for expenses incurred by third-party contract manufacturers in reliance on our forecasts that later prove to be inaccurate;
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potential lack of adequate capacity to manufacture all or a part of the products we require; and
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potential labor unrest affecting the ability of the third-party manufacturers to produce our products.
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If any of our third-party contract manufacturers experience a delay, disruption or quality control problems in their operations, including due to the COVID-19 pandemic, or if a primary third-party contract manufacturer does not renew its agreement with us, our operations could be significantly disrupted and our product shipments could be delayed. Qualifying a new manufacturer and commencing volume production is expensive and time consuming. Ensuring that a contract manufacturer is qualified to manufacture our products to our standards is time consuming. In addition, there is no assurance that a contract manufacturer can scale its production of our products at the volumes and in the quality that we require. If a contract manufacturer is unable to do these things, we may have to move production for the products to a new or existing third-party manufacturer, which would take significant effort and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
As we contemplate moving manufacturing into different jurisdictions, we may be subject to additional significant challenges in ensuring that quality, processes, and costs, among other issues, are consistent with our expectations. For example, while we expect our third-party contract manufacturers to be responsible for penalties assessed on us because of excessive failures of the products, there is no assurance that we will be able to collect such reimbursements from these manufacturers, which causes us to take on additional risk for potential failures of our products.
In addition, because we use a limited number of third-party contract manufacturers, increases in the prices charged may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, as we may be unable to find a contract manufacturer who can supply us at a lower price. As a result, the loss of a limited source supplier could adversely affect our relationships with our customers and our results of operations and financial condition.
All of our products must satisfy safety and regulatory standards and some of our products must also receive government certifications. Our third-party contract manufacturers are primarily responsible for conducting the tests that support our applications for most regulatory approvals for our products. If our third-party contract manufacturers fail to timely and accurately conduct these tests, we may be unable to
 
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obtain the necessary domestic or foreign regulatory approvals or certifications to sell our products in certain jurisdictions. As a result, we would be unable to sell our products and our sales and profitability could be reduced, our relationships with our sales channel could be harmed and our reputation and brand would suffer.
If our suppliers become unavailable or inadequate, our customer relationships, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
We acquire certain of our materials, which are critical to the ongoing operation and future growth of our business, from several third parties. Generally, our third-party contract manufacturers contract directly with component suppliers and we rely on our contract manufacturers to manage their supply chains. If one of our contract manufacturers has a supply chain disruption, or our relationship with our contract manufacturer terminates, we could experience delays. We also source some materials directly from suppliers. While most manufacturing equipment and materials for our products are available from multiple suppliers, certain of those items are only available from limited sources. Should any of these suppliers become unavailable or inadequate, or impose terms unacceptable to us, such as increased pricing terms, we could be required to spend a significant amount of time and expense to develop alternate sources of supply, and we may not be successful in doing so on terms acceptable to us, or at all. As a result, the loss of a limited source supplier could adversely affect our relationship with our customers as well as our results of operations and financial condition.
Our third-party contract manufacturers’ facilities, and our suppliers’ and our customers’ facilities, are vulnerable to disruption due to natural or other disasters, strikes and other events beyond our control.
A major earthquake, fire, tsunami, hurricane, cyclone or other disaster, such as a pandemic, major flood, seasonal storms, nuclear event or terrorist attack affecting our facilities or the areas in which they are located, or affecting those of our customers or third-party manufacturers or suppliers, could significantly disrupt our or their operations and delay or prevent product shipment or installation during the time required to repair, rebuild or replace our or their damaged manufacturing facilities. These delays could be lengthy and costly. If any of our third-party contract manufacturers’, suppliers’ or customers’ facilities are negatively impacted by such a disaster, production, shipment and installation of our 3D printing machines could be delayed, which can impact the period in which we recognize the revenue related to that 3D printing machine sale. Additionally, customers may delay purchases of our products until operations return to normal. Even if we are able to respond quickly to a disaster, the continued effects of the disaster could create uncertainty in our business operations. In addition, concerns about terrorism, the effects of a terrorist attack, political turmoil, labor strikes, war or the outbreak of epidemic diseases (including the outbreak of COVID-19) could have a negative effect on our operations and sales.
Risks Related to Compliance Matters
Failure of our global operations to comply with anti-corruption laws and various trade restrictions, such as sanctions and export controls, could have an adverse effect on our business.
We operate in a number of countries throughout the world, including countries known to have a reputation for corruption. Doing business on a global basis requires us to comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations imposed by governments around the world with jurisdiction over our operations, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, as well as the laws of the countries where we do business. We are also subject to various trade restrictions, including trade and economic sanctions and export controls, imposed by governments around the world with jurisdiction over our operations. For example, in accordance with trade sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control and the U.S. Department of Commerce, we are prohibited from engaging in transactions involving certain persons and certain designated countries or territories, including Cuba, Iran, Syria, North Korea and the Crimea Region of Ukraine. In addition, our products are subject to export regulations that can involve significant compliance time and may add additional overhead cost to our products. In recent years the U.S. government has had a renewed focus on export matters. For example, the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 and regulatory guidance have imposed additional controls, and may result in the imposition of further additional controls, on the export of certain “emerging and foundational technologies.” Our current and future products may be subject to these heightened regulations, which could increase our compliance costs.
 
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We are committed to doing business in accordance with applicable anti-corruption laws and regulations and with applicable trade restrictions. We are subject, however, to the risk that our affiliated entities or our and our affiliates’ respective officers, directors, employees and agents (including distributors of our products) may take action determined to be in violation of such laws and regulations. Any violation by any of these persons could result in substantial fines, sanctions, civil and/or criminal penalties, or curtailment of operations in certain jurisdictions, and might adversely affect our operating results. In addition, actual or alleged violations could damage our reputation and ability to do business.
We are subject to environmental, health and safety laws and regulations related to our operations and the use of our additive manufacturing systems and consumable materials, which could subject us to compliance costs and/or potential liability in the event of non-compliance.
We are subject to domestic and foreign environmental laws and regulations governing our operations, including, but not limited to, emissions into the air and water and the use, handling, disposal and remediation of hazardous substances. A certain risk of environmental liability is inherent in our production activities. These laws and regulations govern, among other things, the generation, use, storage, registration, handling and disposal of chemicals and waste materials, the presence of specified substances in electrical products, the emission and discharge of hazardous materials into the ground, air or water, the cleanup of contaminated sites, including any contamination that results from spills due to our failure to properly dispose of chemicals and other waste materials and the health and safety of our employees. Under these laws, regulations and requirements, we could also be subject to liability for improper disposal of chemicals and waste materials, including those resulting from the use of our systems and accompanying materials by end-users. Accidents or other incidents that occur at our facilities or involve our personnel or operations could result in claims for damages against us. In the event we are found to be financially responsible, as a result of environmental or other laws or by court order, for environmental damages alleged to have been caused by us or occurring on our premises, we could be required to pay substantial monetary damages or undertake expensive remedial obligations. If our operations fail to comply with such laws or regulations, we may be subject to fines and other civil, administrative or criminal sanctions, including the revocation of permits and licenses necessary to continue our business activities. In addition, we may be required to pay damages or civil judgments in respect of third-party claims, including those relating to personal injury (including exposure to hazardous substances that we generate, use, store, handle, transport, manufacture or dispose of), property damage or contribution claims. Some environmental laws allow for strict, joint and several liabilities for remediation costs, regardless of fault. We may be identified as a potentially responsible party under such laws. The amount of any costs, including fines or damages payments that we might incur under such circumstances could substantially exceed any insurance we have to cover such losses. Any of these events, alone or in combination, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and could adversely affect our reputation.
The export of our products internationally from our production facilities subjects us to environmental laws and regulations concerning the import and export of chemicals and hazardous substances such as the United States Toxic Substances Control Act and the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances. These laws and regulations require the testing and registration of some chemicals that we ship along with, or that form a part of, our systems and other products. If we fail to comply with these or similar laws and regulations, we may be required to make significant expenditures to reformulate the chemicals that we use in our products and materials or incur costs to register such chemicals to gain and/or regain compliance. Additionally, we could be subject to significant fines or other civil and criminal penalties should we not achieve such compliance.
The cost of complying with current and future environmental, health and safety laws applicable to our operations, or the liabilities arising from past releases of, or exposure to, hazardous substances, may result in future expenditures. Any of these developments, alone or in combination, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Aspects of our business are subject to privacy, data use and data security regulations, which could increase our costs.
We collect personally identifiable information from our employees, prospects, and our customers. Privacy and security laws and regulations may limit the use and disclosure of certain information and
 
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require us to adopt certain cybersecurity and data handling practices that may affect our ability to effectively market our services to current, past or prospective customers. We must comply with privacy laws in the United States, Europe and elsewhere, including GDPR in the European Union, which became effective May 25, 2018, and the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, which was enacted on June 28, 2018 and became effective on January 1, 2020. These laws create new individual privacy rights and impose increased obligations, including disclosure obligations, on companies handling personal data. In many jurisdictions, consumers must be notified in the event of a data security breach, and such notification requirements continue to increase in scope and cost. Privacy and security laws and regulations may limit the use and disclosure of certain information and require us to adopt certain cybersecurity and data handling practices that may affect our ability to effectively market our services to current, past or prospective customers. While we have invested in, and intend to continue to invest in, resources to comply with these standards, we may not be successful in doing so, and any such failure could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and reputation.
As privacy, data use and data security laws are interpreted and applied, compliance costs may increase, particularly in the context of ensuring that adequate data protection and data transfer mechanisms are in place. In recent years, there has been increasing regulatory enforcement and litigation activity in this area in the United States, Germany and in various other countries in which we operate.
Risks Related to Intellectual Property
Third-party lawsuits and assertions to which we are subject alleging our infringement of patents, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights may have a significant adverse effect on our financial condition.
Third parties may own issued patents and pending patent applications that exist in fields relevant to additive manufacturing. Some of these third parties may assert that we are employing their proprietary technology without authorization. There may be third-party patents or patent applications with claims related to additive manufacturing. Because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending patent applications which may later result in issued patents that our additive technologies may infringe. In addition, third parties may obtain patents in the future and claim that our technologies infringe upon these patents. Any third-party lawsuits or other assertion to which we are subject alleging our infringement of patents, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights may have a significant adverse effect on our financial condition.
We may incur substantial costs enforcing and defending our intellectual property rights.
We may incur substantial expense and costs in protecting, enforcing and defending our intellectual property rights against third parties. Intellectual property disputes may be costly and can be disruptive to our business operations by diverting attention and energies of management and key technical personnel and by increasing our costs of doing business. Third-party intellectual property claims asserted against us could subject us to significant liabilities, require us to enter into royalty and licensing arrangements on unfavorable terms, prevent us from assembling or licensing certain of our products, subject us to injunctions restricting our sale of products, cause severe disruptions to our operations or the marketplaces in which we compete or require us to satisfy indemnification commitments with our customers, including contractual provisions under various license arrangements. In addition, we may incur significant costs in acquiring the necessary third-party intellectual property rights for use in our products. Any of these could have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
If we are unable to adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, such information may be used by others to compete against us, in particular in developing consumables that could be used with our printing systems in place of our proprietary consumables.
We have devoted substantial resources to the development of our technology and related intellectual property rights. Our success and future revenue growth will depend, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely on a combination of registered and unregistered intellectual property and protect our rights using patents, licenses, trademarks, trade secrets, confidentiality and assignment of invention agreements and other methods.
 
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Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, it is possible that competitors or other unauthorized third parties may obtain, copy, use or disclose our technologies, inventions, processes or improvements. We cannot assure you that any of our existing or future patents or other intellectual property rights will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or will otherwise provide us with meaningful protection. Our pending patent applications may not be granted, and we may not be able to obtain foreign patents or pending applications corresponding to our U.S. patents. Even if foreign patents are granted, effective enforcement in foreign countries may not be available.
Our trade secrets, know-how and other unregistered proprietary rights are a key aspect of our intellectual property portfolio. While we take reasonable steps to protect our trade secrets and confidential information and enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements intended to protect such rights, such agreements can be difficult and costly to enforce or may not provide adequate remedies if violated, and we may not have entered into such agreements with all relevant parties. Such agreements may be breached and trade secrets or confidential information may be willfully or unintentionally disclosed, including by employees who may leave our company and join our competitors, or our competitors or other parties may learn of the information in some other way. The disclosure to, or independent development by, a competitor of any of our trade secrets, know-how or other technology not protected by a patent or other intellectual property system could materially reduce or eliminate any competitive advantage that we may have over such competitor. This concern could manifest itself in particular with respect to our proprietary consumables that are used with our systems. Portions of our proprietary consumables may not be afforded patent protection. Chemical companies or other producers of raw materials used in our consumables may be able to develop consumables that are compatible to a large extent with our products, whether independently or in contravention of our trade secret rights and related proprietary and contractual rights. If such consumables are made available to owners of our systems, and are purchased in place of our proprietary consumables, our revenues and profitability would be reduced, and we could be forced to reduce prices for our proprietary consumables.
If our patents and other intellectual property do not adequately protect our technology, our competitors may be able to offer products similar to ours. Our competitors may also be able to develop similar technology independently or design around our patents and other intellectual property. Any of the foregoing events would lead to increased competition and reduce our revenue or gross margin, which would adversely affect our operating results.
If we attempt enforcement of our intellectual property rights, we may be, and have been in the past, subject or party to claims, negotiations or complex, protracted litigation. Intellectual property disputes and litigation, regardless of merit, can be costly and disruptive to our business operations by diverting attention and energies of management and key technical personnel and by increasing our costs of doing business. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
As part of any settlement or other compromise to avoid complex, protracted litigation, we may agree not to pursue future claims against a third party, including related to alleged infringement of our intellectual property rights. Part of any settlement or other compromise with another party may resolve a potentially costly dispute but may also have future repercussions on our ability to defend and protect our intellectual property rights, which in turn could adversely affect our business.
Our additive manufacturing software contains third-party open-source software components, and failure to comply with the terms of the underlying open-source software licenses could restrict our ability to sell our products.
Our additive manufacturing software contains components that are licensed under so-called “open source,” “free” or other similar licenses. Open source software is made available to the general public on an “as-is” basis under the terms of a non-negotiable license. We currently combine our proprietary software with open source software, but not in a manner that we believe requires the release of the source code of our proprietary software to the public. We do not plan to integrate our proprietary software with open source software in ways that would require the release of the source code of our proprietary software to the public; however, our use and distribution of open source software may entail greater risks than use of third-party commercial software. Open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. In addition, if we combine our
 
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proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain open source licenses, be required to release to the public or remove the source code of our proprietary software. We may also face claims alleging noncompliance with open source license terms or infringement or misappropriation of proprietary software. These claims could result in litigation, require us to purchase a costly license or remove the software. In addition, if the license terms for open source software that we use change, we may be forced to re-engineer our solutions, incur additional costs or discontinue the sale of our offerings if re-engineering could not be accomplished on a timely basis. Although we monitor our use of open source software to avoid subjecting our offerings to unintended conditions, there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in a way that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our offerings. We cannot guarantee that we have incorporated open source software in our software in a manner that will not subject us to liability or in a manner that is consistent with our current policies and procedures.
Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock
Our issuance of additional shares of Class A common stock or convertible securities may dilute your ownership of us and could adversely affect our stock price.
From time to time in the future, we may issue additional shares of our Class A common stock or securities convertible into our Class A common stock pursuant to a variety of transactions, including acquisitions. Additional shares of our Class A common stock may also be issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants to purchase our Class A common stock. The issuance by us of additional shares of our Class A common stock or securities convertible into our Class A common stock would dilute your ownership of us and the sale of a significant amount of such shares in the public market could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our Class A common stock. Subject to the satisfaction of vesting conditions and the expiration of lockup agreements, shares issuable upon exercise of options will be available for resale immediately in the public market without restriction.
In the future, we expect to obtain financing or to further increase our capital resources by issuing additional shares of our capital stock or offering debt or other equity securities, including senior or subordinated notes, debt securities convertible into equity, or shares of preferred stock. Issuing additional shares of our capital stock, other equity securities, or securities convertible into equity may dilute the economic and voting rights of our existing stockholders, reduce the market price of our Class A common stock, or both. Debt securities convertible into equity could be subject to adjustments in the conversion ratio pursuant to which certain events may increase the number of equity securities issuable upon conversion. Preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference with respect to liquidating distributions or a preference with respect to dividend payments that could limit our ability to pay dividends to the holders of our Class A common stock. Our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, which may adversely affect the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. As a result, holders of our Class A common stock bear the risk that our future offerings may reduce the market price of our Class A common stock and dilute their percentage ownership.
Future sales, or the perception of future sales, of our Class A common stock by us or our existing stockholders in the public market could cause the market price for our Class A common stock to decline.
The sale of substantial amounts of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of our Class A common stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.
In connection with the Business Combination, certain of our stockholders agreed that, subject to certain exceptions, they will not, during the period beginning at the effective time of the Business Combination and continuing to and including the date that is 180 days after the date of effective time, or the Restricted Period, directly or indirectly, offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise dispose of any shares of Class A common stock, or any options or warrants to purchase any shares of Class A common stock, or any securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive shares of Class A common stock, or any interest in any of the foregoing.
 
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In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Fourth Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement of Legacy Desktop Metal, as amended, the former preferred stockholders of Legacy Desktop Metal are prohibited, for a period of 180 days after the closing date of the Business Combination, from lending, offering, pledging, selling, contracting to sell, selling any option or contracting to purchase, purchasing any option or contracting to sell, granting any option, right, or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transferring or disposing of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Class A common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable (directly or indirectly) for Class A common stock held immediately following the effective time of the Business Combination, or entering into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in party, any of the economic consequences of ownership of such securities.
Upon the expiration or waiver of the lock-ups described above, shares held by these stockholders will be eligible for resale, subject to, in the case of stockholders who are our affiliates, volume, manner of sale and other limitations under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act.
In addition, in connection with the Business Combination, we amended and restated the registration rights agreement with certain of our stockholders pursuant to which we are obligated to register the stockholders’ shares of Class A common stock and shares of Class A common stock that the stockholders may acquire upon exercise of warrants or other rights to acquire Class A common stock. Upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, all of these shares of Class A common stock will be available for resale without restriction, subject to any lock-up agreement.
In addition, shares of our Class A common stock issuable upon exercise or vesting of incentive awards under our incentive plans are, once issued, eligible for sale in the public market, subject to any lock-up agreements and, in some cases, limitations on volume and manner of sale applicable to affiliates under Rule 144. Furthermore, shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2020 Incentive Award Plan, or the 2020 Plan, including pursuant to the evergreen provision that allows our board of directors to reserve additional shares of Class A common stock for future issuance under the 2020 Plan each calendar year, may become available for sale in future.
The market price of shares of our Class A common stock could drop significantly if the holders of the shares described above sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to raise additional funds through future offerings of shares of our Class A common stock or other securities.
Our directors, executive officers and stockholders affiliated with our directors and executive officers own a significant percentage of our Class A common stock and, if they choose to act together, will be able to exert significant control over matters subject to shareholder approval.
Our directors, executive officers, and stockholders affiliated with our directors and executive officers exert significant influence on us. As of December 31, 2020, these holders owned approximately 60.9% of our outstanding Class A Common Stock. As a result, these holders, acting together, have significant control over all matters that require approval of our stockholders, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents, or approval of any merger, sale of assets, or other major corporate transactions. The interests of these holders may not always coincide with our corporate interests or the interests of other stockholders, and they may act in a manner with which you may not agree or that may not be in the best interests of our other stockholders.
Anti-takeover provisions in our governing documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our Class A common stock.
Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws, and Delaware law contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our board of directors. Among other things, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws include the following provisions:
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a staggered board, which means that our board of directors is classified into three classes of directors with staggered three-year terms and directors are only able to be removed from office for cause;
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limitations on convening special stockholder meetings, which could make it difficult for our stockholders to adopt desired governance changes;
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a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which means that our stockholders will only be able to take action at a meeting of stockholders and will not be able to take action by written consent for any matter;
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a forum selection clause, which means certain litigation against us can only be brought in Delaware;
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the authorization of undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without further action by our stockholders; and
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advance notice procedures, which apply for stockholders to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring matters before an annual meeting of stockholders.
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These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management. As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the DGCL, which prevents interested stockholders, such as certain stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding Class A common stock, from engaging in certain business combinations unless (i) prior to the time such stockholder became an interested stockholder, our board of directors approved the transaction that resulted in such stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, (ii) upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in such stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of our Class A common stock, or (iii) following board approval, such business combination receives the approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of our outstanding Class A common stock not held by such interested stockholder at an annual or special meeting of stockholders.
Any provision of our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our Class A common stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.
We are an “emerging growth company” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company we may follow reduced disclosure requirements and do not have to make all of the disclosures that public companies that are not emerging growth companies do. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (a) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more; (b) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the completion of the initial public offering of Trine; (c) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC, which means the market value of our Class A common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are permitted and intend to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These exemptions include:
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not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
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not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis);
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reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and
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exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote of stockholders on executive compensation, stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously
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approved and having to disclose the ratio of the compensation of our chief executive officer to the median compensation of our employees.
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards; and as a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.
We may choose to take advantage of some, but not all, of the available exemptions for emerging growth companies. We cannot predict whether investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive if we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and our share price may be more volatile.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the (a) Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, in the event that the Chancery Court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action, suit or proceeding brought on our behalf; (ii) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or stockholders to us or to our stockholders; (iii) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a claim arising pursuant to the DGCL, our certificate of incorporation or bylaws; or (iv) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine; and (b) subject to the foregoing, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, such forum selection provisions shall not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction. The choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Additionally, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As noted above, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America shall have jurisdiction over any action arising under the Securities Act. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision. Our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
General Risk Factors
Our Class A common stock price may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance. You may lose some or all of your investment.
The trading price of our Class A common stock is likely to be volatile. The stock market recently has experienced extreme volatility. This volatility often has been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. You may not be able to resell your shares at an attractive price due to a number of factors such as those listed in this section and the following:
 
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the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial condition and the results of operations;
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our operating and financial performance and prospects;
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our quarterly or annual earnings or those of other companies in our industry compared to market expectations;
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conditions that impact demand for our products;
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future announcements concerning our business, our customers’ businesses or our competitors’ businesses;
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the public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with the SEC;
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the market’s reaction to our reduced disclosure and other requirements as a result of being an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act;
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the size of our public float;
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coverage by or changes in financial estimates by securities analysts or failure to meet their expectations;
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market and industry perception of our success, or lack thereof, in pursuing our growth strategy;
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strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;
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changes in laws or regulations which adversely affect our industry or us;
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changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;
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changes in senior management or key personnel;
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issuances, exchanges or sales, or expected issuances, exchanges or sales of our capital stock;
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changes in our dividend policy;
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adverse resolution of new or pending litigation against us; and
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changes in general market, economic and political conditions in the United States and global economies or financial markets, including those resulting from natural disasters, terrorist attacks, acts of war and responses to such events.
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These broad market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our Class A common stock, regardless of our operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our Class A common stock is low. As a result, you may suffer a loss on your investment.
In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we were involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of executive management from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.
If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about us, or if they issue unfavorable commentary about us or our industry or downgrade our Class A common stock, the price of our Class A common stock could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock depends, in part, on the research and reports that third-party securities analysts publish about us and the industries in which we operate. We may be unable or slow to attract research coverage and if one or more analysts cease coverage of us, the price and trading volume of our securities would likely be negatively impacted. If any of the analysts that may cover us change their recommendation regarding our Class A common stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, the price of our Class A common stock would likely decline. If any analyst that may cover us ceases covering us or fails to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause the price or trading volume of our Class A common stock to decline. Moreover, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrades our Class A common stock, or if our reporting results do not meet their expectations, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline.
 
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The obligations associated with being a public company involve significant expenses and require significant resources and management attention, which may divert from our business operations.
We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. As a result, we will incur increased legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not previously incur. Our entire management team and many of our other employees will need to devote substantial time to compliance and may not effectively or efficiently manage our transition into a public company.
In addition, the need to establish the corporate infrastructure demanded of a public company may also divert management’s attention from implementing our business strategy, which could prevent us from improving our business, results of operations and financial condition. We have made, and will continue to make, changes to our internal control over financial reporting, including IT controls, and procedures for financial reporting and accounting systems to meet our reporting obligations as a public company. However, the measures we take may not be sufficient to satisfy our obligations as a public company. If we do not continue to develop and implement the right processes and tools to manage our changing enterprise and maintain our culture, our ability to compete successfully and achieve our business objectives could be impaired, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur to comply with these requirements. We anticipate that these costs will materially increase our general and administrative expenses.
These rules and regulations result in our incurring legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect these rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified people to serve on our board of directors, our board committees or as executive officers.
As a public reporting company, we will be subject to rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC regarding our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or report them in a timely manner.
We are subject to the rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC and the NYSE. These rules and regulations require, among other things that we establish and periodically evaluate procedures with respect to our internal control over financial reporting. Reporting obligations as a public company are likely to place a considerable strain on our financial and management systems, processes and controls, as well as on our personnel.
In addition, as a public company, we are required to document and test our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act so that our management can certify as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. For additional information related to the risks and uncertainties of our compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, see “— Risks Related to Our Business and Operations — Our internal controls over financial reporting currently do not meet all of the standards contemplated by Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could impair our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations and have a material adverse effect on our business.”
We are, and have been in the recent past, subject to litigation.
We are currently, and have been in the recent past, subject to litigation, and we could be subject to further litigation in the future. In 2018, we brought a claim in Massachusetts federal court against Markforged, Inc. (“Markforged”), a competitor in the additive manufacturing industry, regarding patent infringement and trade secret misappropriation. Markforged counterclaimed for trade secret misappropriation. We and Markforged entered into a confidential settlement agreement covering such
 
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matters in October 2018. In July 2019, Markforged brought a claim against us in Massachusetts federal court alleging false and misleading statements about their products in violation of the settlement agreement, which includes mutual non-disparagement and confidentiality obligations. The hearing was held in December 2020 and the arbitrator is considering the matter.
While we intend to mount vigorous defenses to the above-described proceeding and any future lawsuits that may be brought against us by any third party, we can provide no assurance as to the outcome of any such disputes, and any such actions may result in judgments against us for significant damages. Resolution of any such matters can be prolonged and costly, and the ultimate results or judgments are uncertain due to the inherent uncertainty in litigation and other proceedings. In addition, the additive manufacturing industry has been, and may continue to be, litigious, particularly with respect to intellectual property claims. Moreover, our potential liabilities are subject to change over time due to new developments, changes in settlement strategy or the impact of evidentiary requirements. Regardless of the outcome, litigation has resulted in the past, and may result in the future, in significant legal expenses and require significant attention and resources of management. As a result, any present or future litigation that may be brought against us by any third party could result in losses, damages and expenses that have a significant adverse effect on our financial condition.
We do not intend to pay dividends on our Class A common stock for the foreseeable future.
We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends on our Class A common stock in the foreseeable future. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our business prospects, results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and availability, certain restrictions related to our indebtedness, industry trends and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. Any such decision will also be subject to compliance with contractual restrictions and covenants in the agreements governing our current and future indebtedness. In addition, we may incur additional indebtedness, the terms of which may further restrict or prevent us from paying dividends on our Class A common stock. As a result, you may have to sell some or all of your Class A common stock after price appreciation in order to generate cash flow from your investment, which you may not be able to do. Our inability or decision not to pay dividends, particularly when others in our industry have elected to do so, could also adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.
 
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We are filing the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part to permit holders of the shares of our Class A common stock described in the section entitled “Selling Securityholders” to resell such shares. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the Selling Securityholders.
The Selling Securityholders will pay all incremental selling expenses relating to the sale of their shares, including underwriters’ or agents’ commissions and discounts, brokerage fees, underwriter marketing costs and all reasonable fees and expenses of any legal counsel representing the Selling Securityholders, except that we will pay the reasonable fees and expenses of one legal counsel for the Selling Securityholders, in the event of an underwritten offering of their shares. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the shares covered by this prospectus, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, printing and delivery fees, NYSE listing fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and our accountants.
We are also registering shares of our Class A common stock that may be issued upon exercise of warrants. We will receive the proceeds from any exercise of warrants for cash. We intend to use the proceeds the exercise of warrants for cash for general corporate and working capital purposes.
 
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DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, for the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors after considering our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors the board of directors deems relevant, and subject to the restrictions contained in any financing instruments. The terms of our existing term loan agreement preclude us from paying cash dividends without consent. Our ability to declare dividends may also be limited by restrictive covenants pursuant to any other future debt financing agreements
MARKET INFORMATION
Our Class A common stock and warrants are listed on the NYSE under the symbols “DM” and “DM.WS”, respectively. Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, our Class A common stock, units and warrants were listed on the NYSE under the symbols “TRNE”, “TRNE.U” and “TRNE.WS”, respectively. As of December 9, 2020, there were 209 holders of record of our Class A common stock and two holders of record of our warrants. The actual number of stockholders of our Class A common stock and the actual number of holders of our warrants is greater than the number of record holders and includes stockholders of our warrants whose Class A common stock or warrants are held in street name by brokers and other nominees.
 
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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial information set forth below should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements of and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the balance sheet data and statement of cash flow data as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The statement of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and the balance sheet data and statement of cash flow data as of September 30, 2020 have been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited financial data presented have been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, such unaudited financial data reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for those periods. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any future period.
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Year Ended
December 31,
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Nine Months Ended
September 30,
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(in thousands, except per share amounts)
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2019
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2018
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2020
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2019
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Statement of Operations Data: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total revenues
​ ​ ​ $ 26,439 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 1,034 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 8,101 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 20,876 ​ ​
Total costs
​ ​ ​ ​ 135,484 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 124,647 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 73,870 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 101,358 ​ ​
Loss from operations
​ ​ ​ ​ (109,045) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (123,613) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (65,769) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (80,482) ​ ​
Other expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Interest expense
​ ​ ​ ​ (503) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (261) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (253) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (389) ​ ​
Interest and other income, net
​ ​ ​ ​ 5,952 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,535 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 995 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,102 ​ ​
Loss before income taxes
​ ​ ​ ​ (103,596) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (121,339) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (65,027) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (75,769) ​ ​
Provision for income taxes
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Net loss
​ ​ ​ $ (103,596) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (121,339) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (65,027) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (75,769) ​ ​
Net loss per share – basic and diluted
​ ​ ​ $ (4.43) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (7.36) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (2.21) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (3.38) ​ ​
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Year Ended
December 31,
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As of
September 30,
2020
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(in thousands)
​ ​
2019
​ ​
2018
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Balance Sheet Data: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash and cash equivalents
​ ​ ​ $ 66,161 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 29,043 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 37,356 ​ ​
Working capital, net
​ ​ ​ ​ 145,089 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 82,638 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 76,930 ​ ​
Adjusted working capital (excluding cash)
​ ​ ​ ​ 78,928 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 53,595 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 39,574 ​ ​
Total assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 192,711 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 128,938 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 127,298 ​ ​
Total debt
​ ​ ​ ​ 9,972 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9,953 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9,986 ​ ​
Convertible preferred stock
​ ​ ​ ​ 436,533 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 276,889 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 436,533 ​ ​
Total stockholders’ deficit
​ ​ ​ ​ (277,462) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (184,569) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (338,027) ​ ​
 
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Year Ended
December 31,
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Nine Months Ended
September 30,
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(in thousands)
​ ​
2019
​ ​
2018
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2020
​ ​
2019
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Statement of Cash Flow Data: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Net cash used in operating activities
​ ​ ​ $ (97,202) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (111,002) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (58,927) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (74,540) ​ ​
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
​ ​ ​ ​ (26,032) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 39,007 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 30,267 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (48,685) ​ ​
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
​ ​ ​ ​ 160,352 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 45,426 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (145) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 160,250 ​ ​
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION FOR TRINE AND LEGACY DESKTOP METAL
Introduction
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements present the combination of the financial information of Trine and Legacy Desktop Metal, adjusted to give effect to the Business Combination and consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Subscription Agreements, or collectively, the Transactions. The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X.
Trine was a blank check company incorporated in Delaware on September 26, 2018. Trine was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. At September 30, 2020, there was $305.4 million held in Trine’s trust account.
Legacy Desktop Metal was incorporated in Delaware on August 25, 2015 and became a wholly owned subsidiary of Desktop Metal upon the closing of the Business Combination. Desktop Metal is pioneering a new generation of additive manufacturing technologies focused on the production of end-use parts. It offers a portfolio of integrated additive manufacturing solutions for engineers, designers, and manufacturers comprised of hardware, software, materials and services. Desktop Metal is headquartered in Burlington, Massachusetts.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 assumes that the Transactions occurred on September 30, 2020. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 present pro forma effect to the Transactions as if they had been completed on January 1, 2019.
The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements do not necessarily reflect what Desktop Metal’s financial condition or results of operations would have been had the Transactions occurred on the dates indicated. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information also may not be useful in predicting the future financial condition and results of operations of Desktop Metal. The actual financial position and results of operations may differ significantly from the pro forma amounts reflected herein due to a variety of factors.
This information should be read together with Trine’s and Desktop Metal’s audited and unaudited financial statements and related notes, the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and other financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded, in accordance with GAAP. Legacy Desktop Metal has been determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:
•
Legacy Desktop Metal’s shareholders have majority of the voting power in Desktop Metal;
​
•
Legacy Desktop Metal has the ability to appoint a majority of the board of directors of Desktop Metal;
​
•
Legacy Desktop Metal’s existing management comprises the management of Desktop Metal;
​
•
Legacy Desktop Metal comprises the ongoing operations of Desktop Metal;
​
•
Legacy Desktop Metal is the larger entity based on historical revenues and business operations; and
​
•
Desktop Metal assumed Legacy Desktop Metal’s name.
​
Under this method of accounting, Trine is treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination is treated as the equivalent of Legacy Desktop Metal issuing stock for the net assets of Trine, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Trine are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.
 
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Description of the Transactions
The aggregate consideration for the Business Combination was $1.83 billion, paid in the form of shares of Class A common stock. The following summarizes the consideration:
(in thousands, except for value per share)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total shares transferred at Closing(a)
​ ​ ​ ​ 183,000 ​ ​
Value per share(b)
​ ​ ​ $ 10.00 ​ ​
Total Share Consideration
​ ​ ​ $ 1,830,000 ​ ​
​
(a)
The total 183.0 million consideration shares include 161.7 million shares issued for all issued and outstanding Legacy Desktop Metal common, preferred, and restricted stock plus 21.3 million shares underlying unvested, unissued, and/or unexercised options.
​
(b)
Share consideration is calculated using a $10.00 reference price. The closing share price on the date of the consummation of the Business Combination was $24.77. As the Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, the value per share is disclosed for informational purposes only in order to indicate the fair value of shares transferred.
​
The following summarizes the unaudited pro forma common stock shares outstanding at the closing of the Business Combination:
Ownership
in thousands
​ ​
Shares
Outstanding
​ ​
%
​
Trine Public Shareholders
​ ​ ​ ​ 29,989 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 13.3% ​ ​
Trine Founders(A)
​ ​ ​ ​ 5,553 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2.5% ​ ​
Trine Independent Directors
​ ​ ​ ​ 100 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0.0% ​ ​
Total Trine
​ ​ ​ ​ 35,642 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 15.8% ​ ​
Legacy Desktop Metal(B)
​ ​ ​ ​ 161,715 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 72.0% ​ ​
PIPE Shares
​ ​ ​ ​ 27,498 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12.2% ​ ​
Total Shares at Closing (excluding unvested Legacy Desktop Metal and earn out shares)
​ ​ ​ ​ 224,855 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100% ​ ​
Legacy Desktop Metal – Remaining Consideration Shares(B)
​ ​ ​ ​ 21,285 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Other – Earn Out Shares(A)
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,851 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total Shares at Closing (including unvested Legacy Desktop Metal and earn out shares)
​ ​ ​ ​ 247,991 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(A)
Excludes 1,851 shares placed into escrow at the closing date. Pursuant to the Sponsor Agreement, dated August 26, 2020, among Legacy Desktop Metal, Trine, the Sponsor and Trine’s directors and officers, or the Sponsor Agreement, 75% of the Founder Shares shall vest at the closing of the Business Combination. 25% of the Founder Shares shall vest if the combined company trades at $12.50 per share or higher for any 20 trading days within a 30 day window by the fifth anniversary of the Business Combination. In the event Desktop Metal enters into a binding agreement on or before the fifth anniversary of the closing of the Business Combination related to certain sale transactions involving the shares of common stock or all or substantially all the assets of Desktop Metal, all unvested Founder Shares shall vest on the day prior to the closing of such sale if the per share price implied in such sale meets or exceeds $12.50.
​
(B)
Total consideration issued to Legacy Desktop Metal was $1.8 billion or 183.0 million shares ($10 per share price). The total share consideration included 161.7 million Legacy Desktop Metal common, preferred, and restricted stock and 21.3 million shares underlying unvested/unexercised options.
​
 
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Accordingly, the consideration shares outstanding has been adjusted to exclude 21.3 million consideration shares for unvested, unissued, and/or unexercised options at the closing of the Business Combination.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2020, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019, and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are based on the historical financial statements of Trine and Legacy Desktop Metal. The unaudited pro forma adjustments are based on information currently available, assumptions, and estimates underlying the pro forma adjustments and are described in the accompanying notes. Actual results may differ materially from the assumptions used to present the accompanying unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.
 
39
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(in thousands)
​ ​ ​
As of
September 30, 2020
​ ​
Transaction
Accounting
Adjustments
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
As of
September 30, 2020
​
​ ​ ​
Trine
(Historical)
(US GAAP)
​ ​
Legacy
Desktop Metal
(Historical)
(US GAAP)
​ ​
Pro Forma
Combined
​
ASSETS ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash and cash equivalents
​ ​ ​ $ 88 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 37,356 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 305,350 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(A)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 566,731 ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (10,130) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(B)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (40,681) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(B)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 274,975 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(C)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 215 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(D)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (140) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(M)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (265) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(N)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (37) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(E)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Short-term investments
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 53,180 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 53,180 ​ ​
Accounts receivable, net
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,642 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,642 ​ ​
Inventory
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 10,363 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 10,363 ​ ​
Prepaid expenses and other current
assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 81 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 806 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 243 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(F)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,130 ​ ​
Prepaid income taxes
​ ​ ​ ​ 243 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (243) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(F)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Total current assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 412 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 103,347 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 529,287 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 633,046 ​ ​
Restricted cash
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 612 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 612 ​ ​
Property and equipment  –  net
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 13,601 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 13,601 ​ ​
Capitalized software, net
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 357 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 357 ​ ​
Right-of-use assets
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,935 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,935 ​ ​
Security deposit
​ ​ ​ ​ 24 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 24 ​ ​
Goodwill
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,252 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,252 ​ ​
Acquired technology, net
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,453 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,453 ​ ​
Deferred transaction costs
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,741 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (2,741) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(B)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Marketable securities held in Trust
Account
​ ​ ​ ​ 305,410 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (305,350) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(A)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (60) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(E)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total assets
​ ​ ​ $ 305,846 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 127,298 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 221,136 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 654,280 ​ ​
​
 
40
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
​ ​ ​
As of
September 30, 2020
​ ​
Transaction
Accounting
Adjustments
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
As of
September 30, 2020
​
​ ​ ​
Trine
(Historical)
(US GAAP)
​ ​
Legacy
Desktop Metal
(Historical)
(US GAAP)
​ ​
Pro Forma
Combined
​
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Accounts payable
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6,604 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(F)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3,360 ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(E)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (3,246) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(B)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ 2,676 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (2,676) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(F)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Customer deposits
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,778 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,778 ​ ​
Convertible promissory note  –  related
party
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,285 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 215 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(D)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1,500) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(D)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Current portion of operating lease
liability
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 858 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 858 ​ ​
Accrued expenses and other current
liabilities
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6,055 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,673 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(F)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,563 ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (2,788) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(B)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (96) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(E)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (281) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(G)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Deferred revenue
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,136 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,136 ​ ​
Current portion of long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9,986 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9,986 ​ ​
Total current liabilities
​ ​ ​ ​ 3,961 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 26,417 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (7,697) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 22,681 ​ ​
Lease liability, net of current portion
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,375 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,375 ​ ​
Deferred underwriting fee payable
​ ​ ​ ​ 10,505 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (10,505) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(B)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Total liabilities
​ ​ ​ ​ 14,466 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 28,792 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (18,202) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 25,056 ​ ​
Commitments and Contingences ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Common stock subject to possible
redemption
​ ​ ​ ​ 286,380 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (286,380) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(H)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Convertible Preferred Stock
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 436,533 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (436,533) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(I)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Stockholders’ Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Common Stock
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (3) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(I)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Class A Common Stock (includes unvested
328,910 shares of restricted stock)
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(H)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 22 ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 16 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(I)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(C)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(J)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(J)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(N)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Class B Common Stock
​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(J)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Additional paid in capital
​ ​ ​ ​ 5,215 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 21,254 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 286,377 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(H)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 995,751 ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 274,972 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(C)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (29,828) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(B)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
 
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​ ​ ​
As of
September 30, 2020
​ ​
Transaction
Accounting
Adjustments
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
As of
September 30, 2020
​
​ ​ ​
Trine
(Historical)
(US GAAP)
​ ​
Legacy
Desktop Metal
(Historical)
(US GAAP)
​ ​
Pro Forma
Combined
​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 436,520 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(I)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (216) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(K)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(J)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 221 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(L)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,500 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(D)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (265) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(N)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Retained earnings (deficit)
​ ​ ​ ​ (216) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (359,289) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (7,185) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(B)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (366,554) ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 281 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(G)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 216 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(K)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (221) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(L)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (140) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(M)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Accumulated other comprehensive gain
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5 ​ ​
Total Stockholders’ Equity
​ ​ ​ ​ 5,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (338,027) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 962,251 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 629,224 ​ ​
Total Liabilities, Convertible Preferred
Stock and Stockholders’ Equity
​ ​ ​ $ 305,846 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 127,298 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 221,136 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 654,280 ​ ​
​
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
​ ​ ​
For the Nine Months
Ended
September 30, 2020
​ ​
Transaction
Accounting
Adjustments
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
For the Nine
Months Ended
September 30, 2020
​
​ ​ ​
Trine
(Historical)
(US GAAP)
​ ​
Legacy
Desktop Metal
(Historical)
(US GAAP)
​ ​
Pro Forma
Combined
​
Revenue
​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 8,101 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 8,101 ​ ​
Cost of sales
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 21,510 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 21,510 ​ ​
Gross Margin
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (13,409) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (13,409) ​ ​
Operating costs
​ ​ ​ ​ 4,048 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (315) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(AA)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3,733 ​ ​
Research and development
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 31,362 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 31,362 ​ ​
Sales and marketing
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9,994 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9,994 ​ ​
General and administration
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11,004 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11,004 ​ ​
Total operating expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ 4,048 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 52,360 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (315) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 56,093 ​ ​
Loss from operations
​ ​ ​ ​ (4,048) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (65,769) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 315 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (69,502) ​ ​
Interest expense
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (253) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (253) ​ ​
Interest and other income, net
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 995 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 995 ​ ​
Interest income
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,110 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1,110) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(BB)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Income (loss) before income taxes
​ ​ ​ ​ (2,938) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (65,027) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (795) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (68,760) ​ ​
Provision for income taxes
​ ​ ​ ​ 36 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (36) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(CC)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Net Income (loss)
​ ​ ​ $ (2,902) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (65,027) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (831) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (68,760) ​ ​
Basic and diluted net loss per common
share
​ ​ ​ $ (0.42) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (0.31) ​ ​
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted
​ ​ ​ ​ 9,054,242 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 224,525,194 ​ ​
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
​ ​ ​
For the Year
Ended
December 31, 2019
​ ​
Transaction
Accounting
Adjustments
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
For the Year
Ended
December 31, 2019
​
​ ​ ​
Trine
(Historical)
(US GAAP)
​ ​
Legacy
Desktop Metal
(Historical)
(US GAAP)
​ ​
Pro Forma
Combined
​
Revenue
​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 26,439 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 26,439 ​ ​
Cost of sales
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 50,796 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 50,796 ​ ​
Gross Margin
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (24,357) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (24,357) ​ ​
Operating costs
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,857 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (333) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(AA)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,524 ​ ​
Research and development
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 54,656 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 54,656 ​ ​
Sales and marketing
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 18,749 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 18,749 ​ ​
General and administration
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11,283 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11,283 ​ ​
Total operating expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,857 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 84,688 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (333) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 86,212 ​ ​
Loss from operations
​ ​ ​ ​ (1,857) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (109,045) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 333 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (110,569) ​ ​
Interest expense
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (503) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (503) ​ ​
Interest and other income, net
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,952 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,952 ​ ​
Interest income
​ ​ ​ ​ 5,142 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (5,142) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(BB)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Unrealized gain on marketable securities
held in Trust Account
​ ​ ​ ​ 170 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (170) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(BB)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Income (loss) before income taxes
​ ​ ​ ​ 3,455 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (103,596) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (4,979) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (105,120) ​ ​
Provision for income taxes
​ ​ ​ ​ (726) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 726 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(CC)
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Net Income (loss)
​ ​ ​ $ 2,729 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (103,596) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (4,253) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (105,120) ​ ​
Basic and diluted net loss per common
share
​ ​ ​ $ (0.18) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (0.47) ​ ​
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted
​ ​ ​ ​ 8,348,930 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 224,525,194 ​ ​
 
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1. Basis of Presentation
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded, in accordance with GAAP. Under this method of accounting, Trine was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination is treated as the equivalent of Legacy Desktop Metal issuing stock for the net assets of Trine, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Trine are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 assumes that the Transactions occurred on September 30, 2020. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 presents pro forma effect to the Transactions as if they had been completed on January 1, 2019.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 has been prepared using, and should be read in conjunction with, the following:
•
Trine’s unaudited condensed balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 and the related notes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 found elsewhere in this prospectus; and
​
•
Legacy Desktop Metal’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 and the related notes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 found elsewhere in this prospectus.
​
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 has been prepared using, and should be read in conjunction with, the following:
•
Trine’s unaudited condensed statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and the related notes found elsewhere in this prospectus; and
​
•
Legacy Desktop Metal’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and the related notes found elsewhere in this prospectus.
​
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 has been prepared using, and should be read in conjunction with, the following:
•
Trine’s audited statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the related notes found elsewhere in this prospectus; and
​
•
Legacy Desktop Metal’s audited consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the related notes found elsewhere in this prospectus.
​
Management has made significant estimates and assumptions in its determination of the pro forma adjustments. As the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared based on these preliminary estimates, the final amounts recorded may differ materially from the information presented.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not give effect to any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies, tax savings, or cost savings that may be associated with the Transactions.
The pro forma adjustments reflecting the consummation of the Transactions are based on certain currently available information and certain assumptions and methodologies that Desktop Metal believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The unaudited condensed pro forma adjustments, which are described in the accompanying notes, may be revised as additional information becomes available and is evaluated. Therefore, it is likely that the actual adjustments will differ from the pro forma adjustments and it is possible the difference may be material. Desktop Metal believes that these assumptions and methodologies provide a reasonable basis for presenting all of the significant effects of the Transactions based on information available to management at the time and that the pro forma adjustments give appropriate effect to those assumptions and are properly applied in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.
 
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The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations and financial position would have been had the Transactions taken place on the dates indicated, nor are they indicative of the future consolidated results of operations or financial position of Desktop Metal. They should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements and notes thereto of Trine and Legacy Desktop Metal.
2. Accounting Policies
As part of the preparation of these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements, certain reclassifications were made to align Trine’s and Legacy Desktop Metal’s financial statement presentation. Upon completion of the Transactions, management will perform a comprehensive review of Trine’s and Legacy Desktop Metal’s accounting policies. As a result of the review, management may identify differences between the accounting policies of the two entities which, when conformed, could have a material impact on the financial statements of Desktop Metal. Based on its initial analysis, Desktop Metal has identified the presentation differences that would have an impact on the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and recorded the necessary adjustments.
3. Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared to illustrate the effect of the Transactions and has been prepared for informational purposes only. The historical financial statements have been adjusted in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information to give pro forma effect to events that reflect the transaction in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
The unaudited pro forma combined provision for income taxes does not necessarily reflect the amounts that would have resulted had Desktop Metal filed consolidated income tax returns during the periods presented.
The unaudited pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share amounts presented in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations are based upon the number of Desktop Metal’s shares outstanding, assuming the Transactions occurred on January 1, 2019.
Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet
The adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 are as follows:
(A)
Reflects the reclassification of $305.4 million of cash held in the Trine trust account that becomes available at closing of the Business Combination. This is after the paydown discussed in tickmark (E) below.
​
(B)
Reflects the settlement of $51.5 million of transaction costs at close in connection with the Business Combination. Of the total, $29.8 million is adjusted against additional paid in capital (inclusive of the PIPE fee and change in deferred underwriting fee), $7.2 million is adjusted against retained earnings, $10.5 million is adjusted against the deferred underwriting, and remaining amount being adjusted against the existing accounts payable and accrued liabilities balances or paid in cash as of September 30, 2020.
​
(C)
Reflects the proceeds of $274,975,000 from the issuance of 27,497,500 shares of Class A common stock with par value of $0.0001, in the PIPE based on commitments received which was offset by the PIPE fee included in tickmark (B).
​
(D)
Reflects the settlement of the Trine related party convertible promissory note at close into warrants. On February 24, 2020, Trine issued an unsecured promissory note in the principal amount of $1.5 million to Trine Sponsor IH, LLC, or the Sponsor, of which $1.3 million is outstanding at September 30, 2020, or the 2020 Note, with the remaining $0.2 million drawn prior to the closing of the Business Combination to fund transaction expenses. The 2020 Note is non-interest bearing and was converted into warrants at close, at a price of $1.00 per warrant.
​
 
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(E)
Reflects the paydown of Trine accrued expenses and current liabilities at closing of the Business Combination.
​
(F)
Reflects the reclassification of Trine’s accounts payable and accrued expenses and prepaid income taxes to align with the balance sheet presentation of Legacy Desktop Metal.
​
(G)
Reflects the non-cash settlement of amounts owed to the Sponsor under Trine’s administrative support agreement which ceased upon the closing of the Business Combination.
​
(H)
Reflects the reclassification of common stock subject to possible redemption to permanent equity at $0.0001 par value.
​
(I)
Reflects the recapitalization of Legacy Desktop Metal’s equity and issuance of 183.0 million shares of Class A common stock at $0.0001 par value as consideration for the reverse recapitalization. Total consideration issued to Legacy Desktop Metal is $1.8 billion or 183.0 million shares ($10.00 per share price). The total 183.0 million consideration shares include 161.7 million shares issued for all issued and outstanding Legacy Desktop Metal common and preferred stock and restricted stock, as reflected in the pro forma balance sheet, plus 21.3 million shares underlying unvested, unissued, and/or unexercised options, which are excluded from the pro forma balance sheet adjustment since the shares are subject to further vesting or exercise at close.
​
(J)
Reflects the reclassification of the shares of the Founder Shares from Class B common stock to Class A common stock at close and the reclassification of the par value related to the 25% Founder Shares that remain unvested at close pursuant to the Sponsor Agreement from Class A par value to additional paid in capital.
​
(K)
Reflects the reclassification of Trine’s historical retained earnings to additional paid in capital as part of the reverse recapitalization.
​
(L)
Reflects the amount of compensation cost related to the acceleration of the vesting for certain existing Legacy Desktop Metal stock options.
​
(M)
Reflects the one-time bonus payments on November 30, 2020 to Legacy Desktop Metal executives as a part of the Business Combination.
​
(N)
Reflects the actual redemption of 26,049 Trine’s Class A common stock outstanding for the $0.3 million held in trust, which is allocated to Class A common stock and additional paid-in capital using $0.0001 par value per share.
​
Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations
The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are as follows:
(AA)
Reflects the elimination of the Trine administrative service fee paid to the Sponsor that ceased upon the closing of the Business Combination.
​
(BB)
Reflects the elimination of interest income and unrealized gain earned on the Trine trust account.
​
(CC)
Reflects the income tax effect of pro forma adjustments using the estimated effective tax rate of 0%. In its historical periods, Legacy Desktop Metal concluded that it is more likely than not that it will not recognize the benefits of federal and state net deferred tax assets and as a result established valuation allowance. For pro forma purposes, it is assumed that this conclusion continued at the closing date of the Business Combination and as such, a 0% effective tax rate is reflected.
​
 
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4. Loss per Share
Net loss per share calculated using the historical weighted average shares outstanding, and the issuance of additional shares in connection with the Transactions, assuming the shares were outstanding since January 1, 2019. As the Transactions are being reflected as if they had occurred at the beginning of the periods presented, the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted net loss per share assumes that the shares issuable relating to the Transactions have been outstanding for the entire periods presented.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared for the year ended December 31, 2019 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
​ ​
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020
​ ​
Year Ended
December 31, 2019
​
Pro forma net loss
​ ​ ​ $ (68,760) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (105,120) ​ ​
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted
​ ​ ​ ​ 224,525,194 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 224,525,194 ​ ​
Pro forma net loss per share – basic and diluted
​ ​ ​ $ (0.31) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (0.47) ​ ​
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Trine Public Shareholders
​ ​ ​ ​ 29,988,951 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 29,988,951 ​ ​
Trine Founders
​ ​ ​ ​ 5,552,813 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,552,813 ​ ​
Trine Independent Directors
​ ​ ​ ​ 100,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100,000 ​ ​
Total Trine
​ ​ ​ ​ 35,641,764 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 35,641,764 ​ ​
Legacy Desktop Metal(1)
​ ​ ​ ​ 161,385,931 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 161,385,931 ​ ​
PIPE share holders
​ ​ ​ ​ 27,497,500 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 27,497,500 ​ ​
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted(2)
​ ​ ​
​
224,525,194
 ​ ​ ​ ​
​
224,525,194
 ​ ​
​
(1)
Excludes 21.6 million Legacy Desktop Metal consideration shares that will be issued upon the occurrence of future events (i.e. vesting of restricted stock or exercise of stock options). Total consideration issued to Legacy Desktop Metal was $1.8 billion or 183.0 million shares ($10 per share price). The total shares issued included all issued and outstanding Legacy Desktop Metal common and preferred stock plus shares underlying unvested restricted stock and options. Accordingly, the weighted average pro forma shares outstanding at close has been adjusted to exclude the portion of consideration shares that was restricted, unvested, unissued, and/or unexercised at the closing of the Business Combination.
​
(2)
For the purposes of applying the if-converted method for calculating diluted earnings per share, it was assumed that all outstanding warrants sold in the Trine IPO, warrants sold in the private placement, Legacy Desktop Metal unvested restricted stock, and Legacy Desktop Metal options are exchanged for Class A common stock. However, since this results in anti-dilution, the effect of such exchange was not included in the calculation of diluted loss per share. Shares underlying these instruments are as follows: (a) 23.5 million shares of Trine Class A common stock underlying the warrants sold in the Trine IPO and private placement, (b) 21.6 million Legacy Desktop Metal consideration shares for restricted, unvested, unissued, and/or unexercised restricted stock and stock options.
​
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF DESKTOP METAL AND ENVISIONTEC
Introduction
The following tables present unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information about Desktop Metal consolidated balance sheet and statements of income, after giving effect to the merger with EnvisionTEC Group (“EnvisionTEC”). The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is derived from and should be read in conjunction with the historical consolidated financial statements and related notes of Desktop Metal and the combined financial statements of EnvisionTEC, referred to below.
On January 15, 2021, we entered into the EnvisionTEC Merger Agreement, pursuant to which we intend to acquire EnvisionTEC. The aggregate purchase price for the EnvisionTEC Acquisition is (i) $150 million in cash, with such cash amount being subject to customary adjustments based on, among other things, the amount of cash, debt and working capital in the EnvisionTEC business at the closing date and (ii) stock consideration equal to a number of shares of Class A common stock, or the Shares, determined by dividing $150 million by the average volume-weighted trading price on the New York Stock Exchange for one share of our Class A common stock for the ten full trading days ending on and including the full trading day two days prior to the closing of the EnvisionTEC Acquisition, subject to a customary collar that allows for adjustment if the 10-day closing price average is 10% greater or 10% less than the 10-day signing price average. The completion of the EnvisionTEC Acquisition is subject to, among other things, the expiration of the applicable waiting period (and any extension thereof) under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 and other customary closing conditions.
Legacy Desktop Metal was incorporated in Delaware on August 25, 2015 and became a wholly owned subsidiary of Desktop Metal upon the closing of the Business Combination. Desktop Metal is pioneering a new generation of additive manufacturing technologies focused on the production of end-use parts. It offers a portfolio of integrated additive manufacturing solutions for engineers, designers, and manufacturers comprised of hardware, software, materials and services. Desktop Metal is headquartered in Burlington, Massachusetts.
Legacy Desktop Metal and Trine, a blank check company incorporated in Delaware on September 26, 2018, entered into a business combination agreement that was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded, in accordance with GAAP. Legacy Desktop Metal has been determined to be the accounting acquirer. The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 assumes that the Legacy Desktop Metal and Trine business combination occurred on September 30, 2020. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information for Trine and Legacy Desktop Metal" for the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements presenting the combination of the financial information of Trine and Legacy Desktop Metal.
EnvisionTEC consists of EnvisionTEC, Inc., a Michigan corporation operating in the U.S.; EnvisionTEC GmbH, a German company with limited liability, which operates in Germany; 3dBotics, Inc, d.b.a Virids3D, a Michigan corporation, which prints 3D sand molds, and Gulf Filtration Systems, a Michigan corporation, which holds certain intellectual property. The company is a leading global provider of professional-grade 3D printing solutions for the rapid manufacture of mass customized products across a variety of end markets. The company’s 3D printing solutions include three proprietary print technologies and wide range of print materials. The company’s 3D printing solutions are used by customers for numerous applications, including the development and manufacture of customized jewelry, hearing aid, dental, biotech and foundry products.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019, respectively, are presented herein. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet combines the unaudited consolidated balance sheets of Desktop Metal and EnvisionTEC as of September 30, 2020 and gives effect to the merger as if it had been completed on January 1, 2019. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of income combine the
 
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historical results of Desktop Metal and the combined balance sheet of EnvisionTEC for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and the year ended December 31, and gives effect to the merger as if it occurred on January 1, 2019.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information presented is based on the assumptions and adjustments described in the accompanying notes. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is presented for illustrative purposes and does not purport to represent what the financial position or results of operations would actually have been if the merger occurred as of the dates indicated or what financial position or results would be for any future periods. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is based upon the respective historical consolidated financial statements of Desktop Metal and the combined financial statements of EnvisionTEC as described further in Note 1 — Basis of Pro Forma Presentation.
The merger will be accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting under the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 805, “Business Combinations” ​(ASC 805), with Desktop Metal representing the accounting acquirer under this guidance. The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information primarily gives effect to:
•
Application of the acquisition method of accounting in connection with the merger; and
​
•
Transaction costs in connection with the merger.
​
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information includes adjustments which are preliminary and may be revised. There can be no assurance that such revisions will not result in material changes. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results or financial position that actually would have occurred or that may occur in the future had the merger been completed on the dates indicated, nor is it necessarily indicative of the future operating results or financial position of Desktop Metal after the merger. Future results may vary significantly from the results reflected because of various factors, including those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors,” beginning on page 6.
 
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Desktop Metal, Inc.
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In thousands, assuming no redemptions)
​ ​ ​
As of September 30, 2020
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
As of September 30, 2020
​
​ ​ ​
Desktop Metal, Trine
Pro Forma Combined
(Historical)
(US GAAP)
​ ​
EnvisionTEC
(Historical)
(US GAAP
​ ​
Transaction
Accounting
Adjustments
​ ​
(Note 4
References)
​ ​
Pro Forma Combined
​
ASSETS ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Current Assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash and cash equivalents
​ ​ ​ $ 566,731 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 24,987 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (150,000) ​ ​ ​
A
​ ​ ​ $ 441,718 ​ ​
Short-term investments
​ ​ ​ ​ 53,180 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 53,180 ​ ​
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts $1.3 million
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,642 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,480 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7,122 ​ ​
Inventory
​ ​ ​ ​ 10,363 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8,973 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 19,336 ​ ​
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,130 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,083 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,213 ​ ​
Total current assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 633,046 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 40,523 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (150,000) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 523,569 ​ ​
Restricted cash
​ ​ ​ ​ 612 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 612 ​ ​
Property, plant and equipment, net
​ ​ ​ ​ 13,601 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,676 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 15,277 ​ ​
Related party loan receivable
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,980 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,980 ​ ​
Capitalized software,
net
​ ​ ​ ​ 357 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 357 ​ ​
Right-of-use assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,935 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 911 ​ ​ ​
G
​ ​ ​ ​ 2,846 ​ ​
Security deposit
​ ​ ​ ​ 24 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 24 ​ ​
Goodwill
​ ​ ​ ​ 2,252 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 145,898 ​ ​ ​
A
​ ​ ​ ​ 148,150 ​ ​
Intangible assets, net
​ ​ ​ ​ 2,453 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 557 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 123,043 ​ ​ ​
C
​ ​ ​ ​ 126,053 ​ ​
Deferred transaction costs
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Total Assets
​ ​ ​ $ 654,280 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 44,736 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 119,852 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 818,868 ​ ​
LIABILITIES, CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Current Liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Accounts Payable
​ ​ ​ $ 3,360 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 1,580 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 4,940 ​ ​
Customer deposits
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,778 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,778 ​ ​
Current portion of operating lease
liability
​ ​ ​ ​ 858